Sociological Theories and Perspectives

General

• Asokan, N.
  Theory of Social Development
  Presented by the International Center for Peace & Development (ICPD).

• Social Capital Gateway
  Resources for researchers and students interested in the study of 'social capital'. Editor: Fabio Sabatini.

• Conocimiento y Sociedad
  A site on epistemology and social theory. Editor: Antonio Berthier (Universidad Mesoamericana).

• Critical Theory & Postmodern Thought
  A large collection of links on the theoretisation of postmodernism. Editor: Martin Ryder (School of Education, University of Colorado at Denver, USA), who describes himself as "an engineer trapped in a teacher's mind".

• CTheory
  An international, electronic review of books on theory, technology and culture. Sponsored by the Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory, reviews are posted periodically of key books in contemporary discourse as well as theorisations of major "event-scenes" in the mediascape. Editors: Arthur and Marilousie Kroker.

• Dead Sociologist' Society
  A list of the various theorists, some biographical information and a summary of their work. Comte, Marx, Spencer, Durkheim, Simmel, Weber, Veblen, Cooley, Mead, Park, Pareto and Sorokin. Editor: Larry Ridener.

• Durkheim Pages   Resources on Durkheim
  Devoted to the presentation of information concerning Emile Durkheim. Contents: Some full texts, a complete bibliography of Durkheim's work, a timeline describing important events related to Durkheim and the Third French Republic, a glossary of terms and concepts, a bibliography of secondary material, news, a list of Durkheim scholars and mailing list, and Durkheimian Studies information. Editor: Robert Alun Jones (Univ. of Illinois, USA).

• A Gallery of Social Structures
  The Network gallery documents work in progress in an efforts to visualize social structures. The aim is to develop and experience how automatic procedures can be combined with aesthetics to ease insight into usually complex phenomena. For presentations around thematic aspects of the datasets you follow the subject track, for more formal demonstrations of methodological approaches you can visit the technical laboratory. The underlying techniques and modelling problems are discussed in Simple Representations of Complex Networks. Editor: Lothar Krempel.

• Henslin, James M. (Southern Illionois University, Edwardsville)
  Sociology - A Down-to-Earth Approach
  Sociological resources organized by chapter of the textbook.

• Jokisch, Rodrigo
  • [Jan, 1997] Die Form der Medien
    (The Form of Media)
    Article on the different aspects of ‘media’ in society.

  • [June, 1997] Virtualität, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft
    (Virtuality, Economy and Society)
    Contribution to a conference on virtual economy.

  • [1999] Das moderne Konzept des ‘Menschen’ als unabdingbar für eine Theorie der Gesellschaft - Distinktionstheoretische Überlegungen
    Essay on the 'human being' as a starting point for the emergence of society.

  • [1999] Paradigmawechsel innerhalb der Wissenschapften, speciell innerhalb der Soziologie
    (The Change of Paradigma in the Social Sciences)
    Essay on the change of perspective in science, in the first instance in the social sciences from the point of view of a theory of distinctions.

  • [2000] Zur Beobachtung von Handlung
    (The Form of Action)
    In: Reiner Mackensen (ed.) Handlung und Umwelt, Beiträge zu einer soziologischen Lokaltheorie. Leske & Burdrich.
    Article on the different aspects of social action from the point of view of the theory of distinctions.
    In: Rainer Mackensen (Hrsg.) Handlung und Umwelt. Beiträge zu einer soziologischen Lokaltheorie, Leske & Budrich, 2000, p. 139-164

  • [2000] Wie is Gesellschaft möglich? - Zum Konzept von Gesellschaft in in historischer und systematischer Absicht
    (The Form of Society)
    A discussion of the category of ‘society’ in a historical and in a systematic perspective.

  • [2000] Virtualität oder ‘Cyberspace’. Zur Beobachtung der ‘virtuellen Realität’

  • [2008] Theorie der Gesellschaft - Beobachtung und Diskurs

  • Glossar von Rodrigo Jokisch (Proto-sociology)
    A critic and enhancement of the positions of Spencer Brown, Herbst, Guenther, Glanville, Luhmann, Parsons and Habermas.

• McDonaldization.com
  Informs about the perils of the McDonaldization process.
  • Ritzer, George: Publications

  • Silverstone, Rob: The Ritzer Debate

  • Keel, Robert: The McDonaldization of Society

  • Visconti, Virginia [1998]: The McDonaldization Thesis: Explorations and Extensions

  • Wright, Chris: The McDonaldization of Syracuse [Moved to ...?]

  • Wikipedia: McDonaldization

• Social Capital Gateway (SCG)
  Resources for researchers and students interested in the study of ‘social capital’. The site publishes materials for the study of social capital and related topics in a multidisciplinary perspective. Editor: Fabio Sabatini.

• Social Science History: Time line for the history of science and social science
  A time line from before writing began to the present, linked to Andrew Roberts' book Social Science History and to other resources, including extracts and works of authors. The alphabetical index of authors is very helpful. And so are the Main Chronological Headings in plain English.

• Stephan, Ed [1995-2008]
  The Division of Territory in Society

• Timeline of Sociology
  • Sociology Timeline
    A brief excerpt from the Hyper-Soc^TM program intented to give potential students a sense of what sociology is about. The Hyper-Soc program was developed by Edward Brent and Alan Thompson.

  • Timeline - Palgrave Macmillan

  • Timeline of Sociology from 1600
    A chronological list of sociologists. It starts with John Graunt, William Petty and John Locke, and ends with Margaret Mead, Talcott Parsons, and James Coleman. Edited by: Ed Stephan.

• Visual Studies
  A semi-annual published journal from the International Visual Sociology Association (IVSA). It investigates the relationship between society and photographic, film and video images.

• WSCR - The Web Site for Critical Realism
  An independent space for the study and promotion of critical realism. Presented by the Centre for Critical Realism (CCR).

Anomie     Crime and Social Deviance

• Anomie - Emile Durkheim Archive

• Atteslander, Peter / Gransow, Bettina / Western, John (eds.) [1999]
  Comparative Anomie Research: Hidden Potential for Social Development

• Camp, Sarah
  Robert K. Merton's Anomie Theory
  In Merton's anomie theory the methods of achieving one's goals are conflicted with the goal. Individuals according to their situation may take on one of the five adaptations: conformity, innovations, ritualistic, rethreatist, or rebellion. Sarah Camp explicates Morton's anomie theory and discusses some applications.

• Caruana, Albert, Ramaseshan, B. / Ewing, Michael T. [1998]
  Anomia and fraudulent behavior by retail employees
  Anomia describes the individual's lack of integration in social life. An examination of the literature on anomia and fraudulent behavior, an identification of measurement instruments and a survey among employees of a large retail chain. The psychometric properties of the instruments are confirmed and evidence of a link is provided. The implications for managers and theory are considered, limitations are noted and directions for future research are indicated.

• Crimetheory.com
  Robert K. Merton's "Dream Machine"
  An Explication of Merton's Social Structure and Anomie (1938).

• Perry, Richard
  Alienation and Anomie

• Tsahuridu, Eva E. [2006]
  Anomie and Ethics at Work
  In: Journal of Business Ethics, 69(2).

• Suicide

• Worldwide Anomie Research Network - Swiss Institute for Development (SID)
  

• Wikipedia: Anomie

Chaos Theory

• Center for Non-Linear Science (CNS)
  Concentrates on the development of the basic research design and analytic tools for studying non-linear social dynamics. This has been called the chaos theory, but here it is presented as a social theory of complexity.

• Center for Complex Systems Research (CCSR)
  University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA.
  A research group which studies phenomena of systems with a large flow, such as information flow on the internet. They use nonlinear dynamics, neural nets, cellular automata, genetic algorithms, and artificial life models to describe these complex systems.

• Chaos Society
  The homepage for the Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and Life Sciences. This international forum brings together researchers, theoreticians, and practioners interrested in applying dynamical (of ‘chaotical’) systems theory.

• Chaos Theory
  A collection of essays on chaos theory and social dynamics. Most of them are written by the editor: T.R. Young (The Red Feather Institute for Advanced Studies in Sociology). For instance:

  • [002] Chaos Theory and Causality

  • [005] Chaos and the Drama of Social Change

  • [007] Chaos and Human Agency

  • [013] Symbolic Interactional Theory and Nonlinear Dynamics

  • [014] Management Science and Chaos Theory

  • [016] Chaos and Social Control Theory

  • [20] Chaos and Community Violence

  • [28] Chaos Theory and Management Science (with Doug Kiel)
  
  

• Ho, Andrew
  Chaos Theory - An Introduction

• Kolyada, S.F. [2008]
  Li-Yorke sensitivity and other concepts of chaos

• Liu, Huajie (Center for Science & Society Studies, Peking University)
  A brief History of the Concept of Chaos
  Background, meaning and history of the development of chaos theory.

• Free Dictionary
  Chaos

• Wikipedia: Chaos | Chaos_Theory

• Woods, Alan / Grant, Ted [1995]
  Chaos and Marxism
  Chapter 17 of Reason in Revolt - Marxism and Modern Science.

Ethnomethodology   Networks, Groups and Social Interaction

• Bibliography on ethnomethodology (-1989)
  Compiled by B.J. Fehr (Thomas Jefferson University), Jeff Stetson (Hosei University), with Yoshifumi Mizukawa (the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science).

• Bibliography on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis in the 1990's by: Paul ten Have (Univ. of Amsterdam, The Netherlands).

• Ethno/CA News
  Information on Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis. Contains news, basic resources, conferences, recent publications and more. Editor: Paul ten Have (Univ. of Amsterdam, The Netherlands).

• Garfinkel, Harold
  • [1967] Some essential features of common understanding
    In: Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall, pp. 38-44, 75.

  • [1976] Studies of the Routine Grounds of Everyday Activities
    In: Studies in Ethnomethodology. Polity Press, ch. 2.

• Have, Paul ten (University of Amsterdam, Nederlands)
  • [1997] Structuring writing for reading: HTML as an explicating device
    Paper for the International conference: Ethnomethodology: East and West. Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, August 21-23, 1997.

  • Methodological Issues in Conversation Analysis
    Conversation Analysis, a research tradition that grew out of ethnomethodology, has some unique methodological features. It studies the social organization of 'conversation', or 'talk-in-interaction', by a detailed inspection of tape recordings and transcriptions made from such recordings. Ten Have describes some of those features in the interest of exploring their grounds.
    Originally published in the Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, Nr. 27 (June): 23-51.

  • The Notion of the Matter: On the Rol of Membership Knowledge in Ethnomethodology
    In: Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 3(3).

• Lapassade, Georges
  • La Phenomenologie Sociale et l’Ethnomethodologie

  • [1992/3] La Méthode Ethnographique

• Lecerf, Yves
  Le Champ d’Etude de Ethnomethodologie
  He defines ethnomethodology as a discipline that studies the local logics of social groups.

• Lomax, H. / Casey, N. [1998]
  Recording Social Life: Reflexivity and Video Methodology
  In: Sociological Research Online, vol. 3, no. 2.

• Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction (SSSI)
  A social science professional organization of scholars interested in qualitative, especially interactionist, research.

• unOfficial Ethnomethodology on the Web - Yoshifumi Mizukawa (Japan)

Knowledge, Sociology of

The Sociology of knowledge studies the social sources, forms and consequences of knowledge. Central questions are: how does social organization shapes both the content and structure of knowledge? Or, how do various social, cultural, political conditions shield people from truth? The sociology of knowledge is a weapon against prevalent myths and a method for eliminating bias from social science, so that it can master the fundamental public problems of the time.

• Crawford, T. Hugh [1993]
  Interview with Bruno Latour
  In: Configurations 1.2.

• Lanham, Richard A. [1993], Univ. of California, Los Angeles
  The Implications of Electronic Information for the Sociology of Knowledge
  Lanham argues that the fundamental ‘operating system’ for the humanities is changing from the book to the digital multimedia computer screen. He outlines the consequences of this move for the creation, performance, teaching, and study of literature, music, and the visual arts. He concludes with a suggestion for how this movement from page to digital display might inform the administrative changes forced upon the university by the current shortage of money.

• Floridi, Luciano (University of Hertfordshire, UK)
  • [1994] ‘Objective Knowledge’: the Disappearance and Revaluation of ‘Knowledges’ from John Sergeant to Karl Popper
    In: Nouvelles de la République des Lettres 1 (1994), 97-122.

  • [1995] The Internet: Which Future for Organized Knowledge - Frankenstein or Pygmalion?
    What is the Internet exactly? What can it be used for? And what will be the effects of such a radical revolution in the way we handle the world of information?
    In: International Journal Human-ComputerStudies, 43: 261-274. A French translation appeared in Horizons Philosophiques 6(2): 1-18.

  • [1996] Followers of French Fashions: Neo-Cartesianism and Analytic Epistemology
    In: Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 61: 633-639.

  • [2009] The information Society and Its Philosophy
    In: The Information Society, 25(3): 153-158.

  • [2010] The Pilosoiphy of Information: Ten Years Later
    In: Metaphilosophy, 41(3): 402-419.

  • [2011] A Defence of Constructionism: Philosophy as Conceptual Engineering
    In: Metaphilosophy, 42(3): 282-304.

• The Galileo Project
  A hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and the science of his time. The project is supported by the Office of the Vice President of Computing of Rice University. Editors: Albert Van Helden and Elizabeth Burr (Rice University, USA).

• Kearl, Michael (Trinity University, Texas, USA)
  Sociology of Knowledge

• Ryder, Martin (Univ. of Calorado, Denver, USA)
  Sociology of Knowledge Page
  Provides articles, book reviews and course descriptions.

• Wilkins, John S. (Monash University, USA)
  [1995] Evolutionary Models of Scientific Theory Change
  A Masters thesis.

  [1998] The evolutionary structure of scientific theories
  In: Biology and Philosophy, 13:479-504.

  [1999] Memes ain’t (just) in the head
  In: Journal of Memetics - Evolutionary Models of Information Transmission, 3.

Marxism     Marx Socialism

• Althusser, Louis [1918-1990]
  
  [1953] On Marxism
  From: Louis Althusser, Early Writings, The Spectre of Hegel, translated by G.M. Goshgarian. Verso, 1997.

  [1962] Contradiction and Overdetermination
  Notes for an Investigation, part III of For Marx. Translated by Ben Brewster.

  [1962] Appendix: Marx vs. Engels
  In: For Marx. Translated by Ben Brewster.

  [1968] Reading Capital (with Étienne Balibar)

  [1968] Philosophy as a Revolutionary Weapon - Interview conducted by Maria Antonietta Macciocchi

  [1969] Lenin Before Hegel

  [1970] Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses

  [1971] Lenin and Philosophy
  Translated from the French by Ben Brewster, published by New Left Books. Prepared for the internet by David J. Romagnolo.

• Croce, Benedetto [1866-1952]
  [1900/14] Historical Materialism and the Economics of Karl Marx | mirror (marxists.org)
  Translated by C.M. Meredith and with an introduction by A.D. Lindsay.

  [1906] What is Living and What is Dead of the Philosophy of Hegel

• Ilyenkow, Evald Vasilyevich [1924-1979]
  
  [1960] Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx's Capital
  Published by Progress Publishers (1982) and translated by Sergei Kuzyakov.

  [1974] Dialectical Logic - Essays on its History and Theory
  Published by Progress Publishers. Translated by H. Campbell Creighton.

  [1977] The Concept of the Ideal
  Source: Problems of Dialectival Materialism. Progress Publishers, 1977.

  [1979] Leninist Dialectics and the Metaphysics of Positivism
  Published by New Park Publications, 1982.

  Biography
  Presented by: marxists.org.

• Katsiaficus, George - San Diego State University, USA
  Toward a Critical Marxism

• Kautsky, Karl [1854-1938]
  [1892] The Class Struggle (Erfurt Program)
  Published by Charles H. Kerr & Co, 1910. Translated by William E. Bohn. Askew.

  [1901] Trades Unions and Socialism
  In: International Socialist Review 1(10), April 1901. Translated: E. Dietzgen.

  [1903] The Intellectuals and the Workers
  In: Die Neue Zeit 22(4), 1903. Printed in English in the April 1946 edition of Fourth International.

  [1906] Ethics and the Materialist Conception of History
  Publshed by Charles H. Kerr & Co. Translated by John B. Askew.

  [1908] Foundations of Christianity
  Published by Russel and Russel, 1953. Translated by Henry F. Mins.

  [1908] The Socialist Revolution and One Day After the Social Revolution
  Published by Kerr & Co, 1908. Translated by A.M. and May Wood Simmons.

  [1911] Fiance-Capital and Crises
  In: Social Democrat, London, Vol XV, 1911.

  [1924] Epitaph of Lenin
  In: Izvestia, 1924.

  [1934] Hitlerism and Social-Democracy
  In: Joseph Shaplen/David Shub (ed.) [1934], Socialism, Fascism, Communism. American League for Democratic Socialism, 1934.

  [1934] Marxism and Bolshevism - Democracy and Dictatorship
  In: Joseph Shaplen/David Shub (ed.) [1934], Socialism, Fascism, Communism. American League for Democratic Socialism, 1934.

  Biography
  Presented by Marxists.org.

• Korsch, Karl [1886-1961]
  [1923] Marxism and Philosophy

  [1924] On Materialist Dialectic

  [1930] Marxism and Philosophy: An Anti-critique

  [1934] Why I am a Marxist

  [1938] Marxism and the Present Task of the Proletarian Class Struggle

  [1950] Ten Theses on Marxism Today

• Labriola, Antonino [1843-1904]
  [1896/1908] Essays on the Materialist Conception of History (McMaster)
  Translated by Charles H. Kerr. Same essays by marxists.org.

  [1897] Socialism and Philosophy
  Translated by Ernest Untermann, Chicago, 1907.

• Lukács, Georg [1885-1971]
  
  [1923] History and Class Consciousness
  Merlin Press, 1967. Translated by Rodney Livingstone.
  Preface 1967
  [1919] What is Orthodox Marxism?
  [1920] Class Consciousness
  [1923] Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat

  [1938] The Young Hegel
  Merlin Press, 1975. Translated by Rodney Livingstone.

  2.5.The first studies in economics
  3.5. Hegel's economics during the Jena period

  Andrew Feenberg [1981]
  Lukács, Marx and the Sources of Critial Theory

  Levee Blanc [1997]
  Georg Lukács: The Antinomies of Melancholy
  In: Other Voices 1(1), March 1997.

  Biography
  Presented by marxists.org.

• Luxemburg, Rosa [1871-1919]
  Rosa Luxemburg Internet Archive
  Presented by marxists.org.

  [1900] Reform or Revolution

  [1904] Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy

  [1906] Mass Strike

  [1915] The Junius Pamphlet

  [1918] The Russian Revolution

  [1918] The Socialisation of Society
  In: Gesammelte Werke, Vol. 4, p. 431-4. Berlin 1970-75. First published in Die junge Garde, 2(4), Dec. 1918. Translated by Dave Hollis.

• Marx and Engels' Writings
  A collection of writings in economic and social theory, presented by: The English Server. The search engine allows a very fast Marx/Engels search.
  

  search term(s)
  case insensitive search	whole word	return full text
  max hits:2550100150200	max lines: 102050100200	errors allowed: 012345678

  
  

• Marxist Internet Archive (MIA)
  A continually expanding archive with the a very large database of Marxism. The Writers Archive contains collection resources (works, biographies, letters and images) on many famous marxists. It includes a fast search facility. Some days you just can't seem to remember exactly where, among the 40,000 pages of the collected works of Marx and Engels, you read that quote. M/E SEARCH will help narrow the hunt.
  

  Select Archive	Marxist Writers Marxist History Subject Archive Reference Archive Encyclopedia of Marxism --------- Marx & Engels Connolly Gramsci Guevara Kollontai Lenin Luxemburg Reed Trotsky
  Search:

  
  

  Marxist Sociology Section of the ASA
  A resource and meeting point for Marxist scholars from the American Sociological Association. The site provides information on the people of the Marxist Section, Announcements (newsletter, session new), and about Marx and Marxist Theory.

  Mehring, Franz [1846-1919]

  [1935] Karl Marx. The Story of His Life
  Published by Covivi, Friede Publishers. Translated by Edward Fitzgerald.

  Franz Mehring Internet Archive
  Presented by marxists.org

  Mészáros, Istvásn [1930-]
  [1970] Marx' Theory of Alienation

  Trotski, Leon [1879-1940]

  The Trotsky Internet Archive
  Directed by David Walters, and presented by marxists.org.

  Biographies, Sketches, Autobiographies, and Memoirs of Leon Trotsky
  Presented by marxists.org.

  [1923] Communist Policy Toward Art
  Source: Trotsky on Literature and Art, Pathfinder Press.

  [1923] The Social Roots and Social Function of Literature
  Source: Trotsky on Literature and Art, Pathfinder Press.

  [1923] What is Proletarian Culture, and is it Possible?
  Source: Trotsky on Literature and Art, Pathfinder Press.

  [1930] My Life or [pdf]
  Published by Charles Schribner's Sons, NY.

  [1931] The Permanent Revolution & Results and Prospects
  Permanent Revolution was first published in Russian in Berlin in 1930. The English translation of John G. Wright was published in 1931. First publication of Results & Prospects was in St. Petersburg in 1906. The first English translation was published by the Russian Soviet Government in 1921. There's also a complete pdf version of this text.

  [1932] The History of the Russian Revolution [pdf]
  Translated by Max Eastman.

  [1936] Revolution Betrayed. What is the Soviet Union and where is it going?
  Translated by Max Eastman.

  [1939] The ABC of Materialist Dialectics
  Source: A Petit-bourgeois Opposition in the Socialist Workers Party, Dec. 15 1939.

  [1942] In Defense of Marxism
  

  Uchida, Hiroshi
  [1988] Marx's Grundrisse and Hegel's Logic
  Published by Routledge.

  Wenger, Morton, G. [May 1986] - University of Louisville, USA
  Marxian Analysis and American Sociology
  In this paper Wenger places Marxism in the context of the class history of America in the post-WW II era. He concludes that the Marxist Sociology is, more similar to other "exotic" sociologies than it is to the revolutionary Marxisms of the past and present.

  The World Socialist Web Site
  This site and its biweekly journal, The International Workers Bulletin (IWB) provide news reports on major world events, political analysis and commentary on a wide range of subjects. It is their hope that the material presented by the IWB will contribute to a scientific understanding of the problems that confront the modern workers' movement. The site has been established by the Socialist Equality Party in the United States, in collaboration with the International Committee of the Fourth International, to address the urgent need for a revolutionary socialist response to the crisis of the world capitalist system. It is dedicated to "the revival of a socialist and working class internationalism, based on genuine Marxist principles". All articles are full-text and free.

  Young, T.R.
  Marxian Methodology and the Constitution of Human Knowledge
  Young explains the basic assumption in Marxism methodology: "through labor, people appropriate nature and turn it into human culture". In the end he summarizes in outline form the immediate objectives of marxian methodology.

Rational Choice & Game Theories

• Axelrod, Robert (University of Michigan, USA)
  Complexity of Cooperation
  An archive that contains software, documentation, bibliographies, and other resources connected with Robert Axelrod’s book The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration (Princeton University Press, 1997). Including supporting material

• Brembs, Bjön
  Chaos, cheating and cooperation: potential solutions to the Prisoner's Dilemma
  Article about the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) as a standard model for the evolution of cooperation. After a critical discussion of tit-for-tat and stochastic strategies as solutions, a new solution is offered: chaos.

• Buck, Andrew, J.
  An Introduction to Game Theory with Economic Applications

• Center for Rationality and Interactive Decision Theory (Hebrew University of Jerusalem)
  Engaged in research into the various aspects of rationality in decision-making: making decisions in a manner calculated to yield maximal benefit. Of particular interest is interactive decision theory ("game theory"), which analyzes what happens when rational people with different goals interact, each making his own decisions on the basis of what is best for him - while taking into account that the others are doing the same. Rationality and interactive decision theory underline much of economic theory and have had an important impact on such diverse areas as evolutionary biology, political science, computer science, social psychology, law, statistics, philosophy and the foundations of mathematics.

• Elster, Jon
  The Jon Elster Page
  • [1993] Some Unresolved Problems in the Theory of Rational Behavior
    In: Acta Sociologica 36(3): 179-90.

  • [1997] More Than Enough
    Review of Gary S. Becker (1966) Accounting for Tastes, The University of Chicago Law Review 62(2): 749-64.

• Games and Software
  • Gambit
    A library of game theory software and tools for the construction and analysis of finite extensive (n-person) games and strategic games. Gambit is a set of software tools for doing computation on finite, noncooperative games. It has a graphical interface for interactively building and analyzing general games in extensive or strategy form; a number of command-line tools for computing Nash equilibria and other solution concepts in games; and, a set of file formats for storing and communicating games to external tools. All Gambit features are available through the use of a graphical interface, which runs under multiple operating systems. The Gambit Project was founded in the mid-1980’ by Richard McKelvey at the California Institute of Technology (USA).

  • Zero Sum Game Solver
    David Levine gives you a chance to play some games: Zero-Sum Game Solver, Guessing Game & Cooperative Learning Game.

  • Prisoners’ Dilemma Game
    A fiendish cyberspace wizard has locked you and Serendip into a diabolical game with 5 rules.

  • Interactive strategy games
    This 'game theory without the theory' is presented by the GameTheory.Net.

• Game Theory.net
  A resource for educators and students of game theory. The site contains lecture nots, links to text books, and interactive applets and games. Editor: Mike Shor (Vanderbilt University, USA).

• Gintis, Herbert (University of Massachusetts, USA)
  • [2000] Game Theory Evolving
    Gintis presents an undergraduate/graduate text on advanced game theory (bargaining, priors, probability theory and Nash equilibrium). Only the preface is free available, but in the paper section there is other material on game theory (and other topics).

  • [2009] The Bounds of Reason: Game Theory and the Unification of the Behavioral Sciences
    Gintis argues that game theory is an indispensable tool in modeling human behavior. “Behavioral disciplines that reject or peripheralize game theory are theoretically handicapped.” However, the game theory needs a broader social theor to have explenatory power. Gintis wants to contribute to the task of unifying the behavioral sciences. One of his —controversial— central thesis is: “The bounds of reason are not forms of irrationality but rather forms of sociality.”

• International Game Theory Review (IGTR) [full text]

• International Journal of Game Theory (IJGT) [abstracts]

• International Society of Dynamic Games (ISDG)
  The society on the field of dynamic game theory that promotes interactions among researchers interested in this field of academic study.

• Interuniversity Centre for Game Theory and Applications (CITG)
  Italian Centro Interuniversitario per la Teoria dei Giochi e le Applicazioni.

• McCain, Roger A.
  Game Theory
  A nice introduction to most of the essential ideas in game theory.

• Melberg, Hans O.
  Decision Theory: Papers by Hans O. Melberg

• Levine, David K. (UCLA, USA)
  What is Game Theory?
  Levine explains what (noncooperative) game theory largely deals with: how intelligent individuals interact with one another in an effort to achieve their own goals. He gives one instructive example, the very famous Prisoner’s Dilemma game. When you like to learn more about game theory, Levine suggests some good books to study.

• Polak, Benjamin (Yale University, USA)
  • Introduction to Game Theory [video]
    An introductory lecture on game theory and strategic thinking.

  • Imperfect Information: Information Sets and Sub-Game Perfection [video]
    A lecture on games that have both simultaneous and sequential components.

• Roth, Al
  Al Roth’s Game Theory and Experimental Economic Page
  Roth presents some introductory articles on bargaining, matching, and experimental economics; abtracts, excerpts, and osme complete copies of selected papers; things to participate in (experiments of the web, trounaments, conferences), and some game theory servers.

• Walker, Paul (Univ. of Canterbury, New Zealand)
  History of Game Theory
  The timeline starts in first fice centuries A. D. Game theory started in with the socalled marriage contract problem in the Babylonian Talmud (you might call it a ‘bigamist dilemma’). Further on the road you will meet James Waldegrave, John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern, Herbet Simon, Kuhn and Braithwaite. The journey will be concluded after you read the excellent bibliography.

• Zagare, Frank C. (Boston University, USA)
  Recent Advances in Game Theory and Political Science

Sociobiology — Evolution

• Actionbioscience.org
  Issues in evolution
  A resource of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. It contains a collection of articles on several topics of evolutionary sciences.

• Becoming Human
  An interactive documentary experience that tells the story of our origins. It contains up-to-date scientific information about the study of human evolution and paleoanthropology. The site has been developed by the Arizona State University's Institute of Human Origins (IHO) and has won a Webby Award for the Best Science Site.

• BBC
  Evolution Website
  The web companion to the British television special presents a richt compilation of features, including the full text of The Origin of the Species with an illustrated guide from the BBC. “Natural Selections” is a collection of video conversations that include Douglas Adams on the lemurs of Madagascar, and David Attenborough on the Archeopteryx, an extinct creature that was part bird, part reptile. The site includes a number of articles by Darwin experts (Adrian Desmond, Richard Dawkins), and an extensive bibliography compiled by John S. Wilkins.

• Colby, Chris
  Introduction to Evolutionary Biology
  A definition of of evolutionary and an attempt to explain basics of the theory of evolution and correct many of the misconceptions. Includes a large collection of links on evolutionary biology and the creation/evolution controversy.

• Darwin, Charles [1809-1882]

  • [1845] The Voyage of the Beagle

  • [1859] The Origin of Species

  • [1999] The Origin of Species - 6th edition

  • [1874] The Descent of Man

  • Bi(bli)ographies
    • Darwin’s Life and Work - Prof. Charles Urbanowicz

    • Darwins’s Precursors and Influences
      Links to Evolution and Darwin related sites. Editor: John Wilkins (Melbourne, Australia).

• Dawkins, Richard
  • The World of Richard Dawkins - Evolution, Science, and Reason

  • [1976/1989] The Selfish Gene
    Genes are selfish, even when seemingly altruistic. The world of the selfish gene is one of savage competition, ruthless exploitation, and deceit. But there are also acts of apparent altruism found in nature. Bees commit suicide when they sting to protect the hive, and birds warn the flock of an approaching hawk. Do these acts contravene the fundamental law of gene selfishness? Dawkins denies it. But he also shows that the selfish gene is the subtle gene and that our species might have the power to rebel against the designs of the selfish gene. Read Chapter 11 - Memes: the new replicators.
  • [1982/1999] The Extended Phenotype - The long reach of the gene
    New edition (June 1999) with an afterword by Daniel Dennett.
    An analysis of the evolution of life, and in particular of the logic of natural selection and the level in the hierarchy of life at which natural selection can be said to act.
  • [1986] The Blind Watchmaker -Why the Evidence of Revolution Reveals a Universe without Design
    Dawkins explains why the evidence of evolution reveals a universe without design. One of the most famour arguments of the creationist theory of the universe is this: just as a watch is too complicated and too functional to have springs into existence by accident, so too must all living things, with their far greater complexity, be purposefully designed. Dawkins demonstrates that this analogy (Argument from Design) is false. Natural selection is a unconscious, automatic, blind yet essentially non-random process that has no purpose in mind. If it can be said to play the role of watchmaker in nature, it is the blind watchmaker.
    • The Blind Watch Maker, part 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 [YouTube]
  • [1991] Growing up in the universe [video]
    At the Royal Institution, Richard Dawkins asks us to look at our universe with new eyes. Packed with big questions and illuminating visuals, this memorable journey through the history of life magnifies the splendor of evolution and our place in it.

  • [1995] River out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life
    A river of DNA flows through time and through ourselves. How did the replication bomb we call "life" begin and where in the world or in the universe is it heading? Like all living things, human beings are mere vehicles of information, gene carriers whose primary purpose is propagatin of their own DNA. Dawkins explains evolution as a flowering river of genes, genes meeting, competing, uniting, and sometimes separating to form a new species.
  • [1996] Climbing Mount Improbable
    Case studies of natural selection in action. The human eye is so complex and works so precisely that one might believe its current shape and function must be the product of design. How could such an intricate object have come out by chance? Yet this is exactly what Dawkins argues: life evolves through the accident of mutation, and perfection in the natural world is the result of supreme, and fascinating, improbability. The metaphor of Mount Improbable represents this combination of perfection and improbability.
  • [1996] Break the Barrier, part 1 [9:40], 2 [9:51], 3 [7:35], 4 [9:20], 5 [8:19], 6 [7:33]
    In this documentary from the Channel-4 series Dawkins meets people who have experienced the wonders of science first-hand. We meet the astronomer who first discovered pulsars, the geneticist who invented DNA fingerprinting, a scientist who discovered a protein that causes cancer, and others.With so many expressing paranormal beliefs and ignorance of science, Dawkins encourages viewers to contrast these ancient superstitions with the power and beauty of our scientific achievements and understanding. Dawkins interviews famous admirers of science such as Douglas Adams and David Attenborough, and asks them why science means so much to them. We also see how dangerous ignorance of science can be in classrooms, courts, and beyond.

  • [1998] Darwin and Darwinism
    An explanation of why Darwin was important and the theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. First publisehd in the British Edition of Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 98.

  • [1998] Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder
    Keats believed that Newton had destroyed all the poetry of the rainbow by reducing it to the prismatic colors. Dawkins guides us towards the opposite conclusion: science is, or ought to be, the inspiration for great poetry. Dawkins says that Newton's unweaving is the key to much of modern astronomy and to the breathtaking poetry of modern cosmology. Mysteries don't lose their poetry because they are solve: the solution often is more beautiful than the puzzle, uncovering deeper mystery. So human beings can always keep their appetite for wonder.
  • [2002] Militant Atheism [video]
    In this TEDTalk Dawkins urges all atheists to openly state their position -- and to fight the incursion of the church into politics and science. A fiery, funny, powerful talk.

  • [2003] A Devil’s Chaplain

  • [2004] The Ancestor’s Tale

  • [2005] Queerer than we can suppose: the strangeness of science [22:43]
    In this TEDTalk Dawkins makes a case for “thinking the improbable” by looking at how the human frame of reference limits our understanding of the universe.

  • [2006] The God Delusion
    Dawkins puts theological doctrines to the same kind of scrutiny that any scientific theory must withstand. His book has been called the most coherent and devastating indictment of religion. There is no God. All religion is wrong. In this video interview Dawkins explains why religion is absurd and pointless.

  • [2006] Documentary: The God Delusion, part 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 [video]
    Dawkins explores the unproven beliefs that are treated as factual by many religions and the extremes to which some followers have taken them. He argues that the process of non-thinking called faith is not a way of understanding the world, but instead stands in fundamental opposition to modern science and the scientific method, and is divisive and dangerous.

  • [2006] The Virus of Faith, part 1 [9:54], 2 [10:05], 3 [9:50] 4 [9:54], 5 [8:42]
    In this documentary Dawkins opines that the moral framework of religions is warped, and argues against the religious indoctrination of children.

  • [2007] Hard Talk, part 1 [9:13], 2 [9:56], 3 [3:57]
    Richard Dawkins is interviewed by the BBC’s Stephen Sackur for News24’s HARDtalk.

  • [2008] God Strikes Back, part 1 [10:49], 2 [9:23], 3 [9:30], 4 [9:59], 5 [9:09]
    This 2008 Channel-4 documentary is part of the series ‘The Genius of Darwin’. Dawkins examines why Darwin’s theory remains one of the most controversial ideas in history.

  • [2008] The Enemies of Reason: 1. Slaves to Superstition [47:54], 2. The Irrational healt Service [47:48]
    According to Dawkins there are two ways of looking at the world: through faith and superstition or through the rigours of logic, observation and evidence – in other words, through reason. Reason and a respect for evidence are precious commodities, the source of human progress and our safeguard against fundamentalists and those who profit from obscuring the truth. Yet, today, society appears to be retreating from reason. Apparently harmless but utterly irrational belief systems from astrology to New Age mysticism, clairvoyance to alternative health remedies are booming. Dawkins confronts what he sees as an epidemic of irrational, superstitious thinking. He explains the dangers the pick and mix of knowledge and nonsense poses in the internet age, and passionately re-states the case for reason and science.

  • [2009] The Greatest Show on Earth - The Evidence for Evolution
    Systematic opposition to the fact of evolution is now flourishing as never before, especially in America. Teachers witness insidious attempts to undermine the status of science in their classrooms. Richard Dawkins takes on creationists, including followers of ‘Intelligent Design’ and all those who question the fact of evolution through natural selection. He sifts through fascinating layers of scientific facts and disciplines to build a cast-iron case.
    In this video Dawkins introduces his book: Introduction to the book
    In this interview Dawkins explains why this book is here to prove once and for all that humans did not walk with dinosaurs. He tries to shake some sense into creationists: “I suppose anybody who reads it should no longer be capable of thinking evolution isn’t a fact. I’d like to think there’s got to be something wrong with people who finish the book and don’t think that.”

  • [2009] Creationists, now they're coming for your children
    In: The Times / The Sunday Times, August 23, 2009.
    Dawkins argues that people who reject the theory of evolution —more than 40 per cent of the American population— should be placed on a level with Holocaust deniers.

  • [2009] The Selfish Gene & Unselfish Humankind, part 1 | 2 | 3 [video]

  • [2010] The Selfish Gene Prologue [video]

  • [2011] Should doctors be Darwinian? [video]

  • Wikipedia: Richard_Dawkins

• European Sociobiological Society (ESS)
  A forum for the study of the role of biological factors in the behaviour of animals and man, with special emphasis on evolutionary aspects. Anybody within the scientific community interested in the topic of sociobiology, (human) ethology, Darwinian psychology, psychobiology, evolutionary psychiatry, behavioural ecology, biopolitics, bioeconomics, or evolutionary aspects of human or animal behaviour, is welcome to apply for membership.

• Evolution
  A serie of articles on evolution, presented by 2think.org.

• Evolution and Human Behavior
  An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research, Theory and Integrative Reviews, with Open Peer Commentary. Official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society (EHB).

• Evolutionary Theory
  An organization dedicated to promoting the biological sciences and evolutionary theory. You'll find papers, an archive, a mailing list and a chat room.

• EvoTutor
  Learning about evolution through interactive simulation. Created by Alan R. Lemmon.

• Fog, Ager (Copenhagen, Denmark)
  • [1997] Cultural r/k Selection
    In: Journal of Memetics

  • [1999] Cultural Selection
    An interdisciplinary theory that challenges traditional sociology by its superior ability to explain the irrational or unplanned aspects of culture. It seems that our society is not as rational as we would like to believe.

• Kenyon, Paul (Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK)
  Biological Bases of Behaviour
  Material for first, second and third year courses. The site covers themes like Neurotransmission, Depression, Schizophrenia, Hormones & Stress, Drug & Anxiety, Animal Behaviour, and Psychosexual Differentiation. The sections contain a lecture overview, graphics from transparencies used in class, audio clips, and animated images.

• McEvoy, Chad Joseph [1995]
  A Consideration of the Sociobiological Dimensions of Human Xenophobia and Ethnocentrism

• Origins of Humankind
  A portal for the human evolution community.

• Palomar College
  Humans
  A tutorial in which the family Hominidae (which includes our species, Homo sapiens) is analyzed.

• PBS
  Evolution: Humans
  In the 8 million years or so since the earliest ancestors of humans diverged from the apes, at least a dozen humanlijke species, called hominids, have lived on Earth. Fifty thousand years ago, something happened — the modern human mind emerged, triggering a creative, technological, and social explosion. What forces contributed to that breakthrough? Where might our power of mind ultimately lead us?

• PeopleFinders
  Archaelogical Finds of Early Humans
  Evolution embodies the overall changes of one or more inherited traits found in populations of different organisms over an extended period of time. Inherited traits or distinguishing characteristics include anatomical, biochemical and behavioral features that transferred over multi-generations. Evolution occurs when a variation of inherited traits exists within a population. The primary reasons for these variations stem from mutation, genetic recombination and gene flow. The process of evolution has resulted in the diversification of all living creatures.

• Talk.Origins Archive
  Exploring the Creation/Evolution Controversy. Talk.origins is a Usenet newsgroup devoted to the discussion of biological and physical origins. Most discussions center on the creation/evolution controversy; other topics of discussion include the origin of life, geology, biology, catastrophism, cosmology and theology. It’s a collection of articles and essays, most of which have appeared in talk.origins at one time or another.

• Sociobiologie
  A French site that aims at the vulgarization of sociobiology. The site offers a definition and basic concepts of sociobiology, and an introduction in sociobiological theory. Editor: Barhouf.

• Wilkins, John [1996-2003] (Melbourne, Australia)
  Darwin's Precursors and Influences

• Wilson, Edward O,
  • Introduction: What is Sociobiology?
    In: Michael S. Gregory, Anita Silvers, and Diane Sutch (eds.) Sociobiology and Human Nature: An Interdisciplinary Critique and Defense. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, pp. 1-12.

  • [1998] Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge
    In: Los Angeles Times, July,9,1998. Excerpts of his conversation with Times medical writer Terence Monmaney.

Sociolinguistics   Language Resources

• Bibliographic Resources on Linguistics
  Editor: Harold F. Schiffman (University of Pennsylvania, USA)

• Center for Language, Interaction & Culture - University of California at Los Angeles, USA

• Constructed Human Languages, edited by Chris Bogart

• Language and Social Interaction
  A devision of the National Communication Association (NCA).

• Language Variation and Change

• Linguist List
  A large linguistic resource providing information on language and language analysis.

• Linguistic Data Consuortium
  An interdisciplinary research project of the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) at the University of Pennsylvania, whose goal is to foster fundamental research in the study of human and animal communication by providing standards and tools for creating, searching, and publishing primary linguistic materials via networked computers. It emphasizes the linkage of transcripts and other annotations to digitized video and audio records of real-life interactions.

• Linguistic Society America

• Pattee, Cyndi (Univ. of Oregon, USA)
  What is Sociolinguistics?
  An introduction to some exciting aspects in the field of social linguistics. It discusses how our language is influenced by social factors, politeness strategies. The last two section concentrate on the relation between gender and language: who talks more, men or women? and do men and women speak differently?

• Tannen, Deborah (Georgetown University, USA)
  Discourse Analysis
  An introduction to the analysis of language 'beyond the sentence'.

• Virtual Library: Applied Linguistics

• Winford, Donald (Ohio State University, USA)
  Languages in Contact
  What happens when people speaking different languages are having regular contacts? In some cases only a few words are borrowed, while in others whole new languages may be formed. The author analyses the dynamics of language contact from a linguistic perspective.

• Wolfram, Walt (North Carolina State University, USA)
  Language as Social Behavior
  An explanation of the basic notion underlying sociolinguistics: language use symbolically represents fundamental dimensions of social behavior and human interaction.

Time, Sociology of

• General

  • Daylight Saving Time

  • Gleick, James
    Faster - The acceleration of just about everything
    “We’re speeding up; our technology is speeding up; our arts and entertainment and the pace of invention and change — it’s all speeding up. And we care. If we don’t understand time, we become its victims.”

  • Kearl, Michael (Trinity University, Texas, USA)
    The Times of Our Lives - Investigations into Socio-chronology
    A Sociology of Time and Social Rhythms. A study of time and the various timetables and rhythms that shape our behaviors and thoughts. The issues are: the different meanings we give to each day of the week & months of the year; the "quality time" that working parents worry about sharing enough of with their children; the pressure we feel to be "on time" in the face of dreaded deadlines; the various social clocks whose tickings seem to govern our lives, such as the ages at which we believe we should be married, have children, or be "peaking" in our careers; the emergence of "flexitime" and four-day weeks in the world of work; and the types of time that religions impose to fortify the moralities of their members, such as eternity in heavens or hells, purgatory time, or escaping the cycle of death and rebirth.

  • Moore, Carol
    Sunspot Cycles and Activist Strategy

  • National Museum of American History
    On Time
    An exploration of the changing ways we have measured, used and thought about time over the past 300 years. It describes the history of keeping time from the ‘marking time’ (marking days by rising and setting sun, phases of the moon, and cycles of hunger and sleep) to the ‘expanding time’ of the digital age where we count nanoseconds and even picoseconds (trillionths of a second).

  • Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art
    Tempus Fugit: Time Flies
    A wonderful designed exhibit on the character of time. It features sections on 20th Centrury Time, World Times, and Conservation Time. The “20th Century time” takes you on a walk through the century - from the theory of relativity to the internet - and demonstrates the altered sense of time. “World Times” concentrates on different conceptions of time embodied in art from primitive times to the present. Western culture sees time as a single line, leading from past to present to future. But some cultures see time very differently: as a poetic journey, as the memory of an ancestor, or even as a cosmic cycle. Here you can discover different meanings of time. In “Conservation Time” you can see how conservation science can uncover the history of a work's composition and the changes wrought upon it over the course of its lifetime. You can, for instance, see that behind the final version of Bronzino’s Portrait of a Young Man there are two other hidden versions.

  • Philippe, Patek
    Concerning Time
    This Swizz watchmaker created some impressive multimedia presentations to let us understand the hours, minutes and seconds. He explores time as it has occured to priests, poets, writers and painters across civilizations and through history.

  • Timelapse.com
    A collection of modern cinematic effects created by playing with time.

  • Wikipedia: Time | Eight-hour-day | List_of_cycles | Season

• Clocks - Time Measurement
  • A Walk through Time - The Evolution of Time Measurement through the Ages
    Presented by a NIST Physical Measurement Labratory.

  • Clockworks - From Sundials to the Atomic Second
    An exhibit presented by Britannica.com

  • History of the Quartz Watch
    The quartz crystal in a modern timekeeper acts as an oscillator, replacing the balance wheel of the mechanical watch. It vibrates at a constant rate, measured in cycles per second. An electronic circuit counts these regular vibrations and translates them to time of day, date, or other time-related information.
    Presented by the Smithsonian Institute.

  • Horology -The Index
    Presented by the National Association of Watch & Clock Collectors
    The science of time, timekeepers (clocks, watches) and timekeeping. Provides a comprehensive index and crosslinks to a mountain of horological information.

  • It’s About Time - University of Wisconson
    Advanves in timekeeping accuracy and atomic clocks. Only one thing is sure: You can’t take time for granted.

• Present Time
  • Greenwich Mean Time (GTM)

  • TimeTicker
    A clever and easy to use tool to know how late it is, created by Martin Zwernemann.

  • World Clock - Time Zones
    Current times at many cities around the world.

  • WorldTime
    A service featuring an interactive world atlas, information on local time as well as sunrise and sunset times in several hundred cities, and a database of public holidays worldwide. Easy to see time by timezone. Presented by HAB Software, Hamburg, Germany. Zooming in and out, going against the time, and getting ahead of time.

  • The Official US Time

• Calendars
  • Calendar Converter
    Each date entered will be converted to: Gregorian, Julian, Hebrew, Islamic, Persian, French republican calendar, and Julian day number. Editor: John Walker (Fourmilab, Switzerland).

  • Calendars Through The Ages
    Explore how we organize our lives in accordance with the movements of the earth, moon, and sun. Systems of counting the days, months, and years.

  • Gregorian Calendar

• Personal Times
  • Aging - SocioSite

  • Accelerated aging: Werner syndrome (WS) | Progeria - Wikipedia
    Disorders characterized by the appearance of premature aging.

  • Biorhythm - Wikipedia

  • Circadian Rhythms - Andrew Millar

  • Death Clock
    The Death Clock is a friendly reminder that life is slipping away... second by second. This clock reminds you just how short life is.

  • Menopause - Wikipedia
    The permanent cessation of the primary functions of the human ovaries that marks the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive — the end of fertility.

  • Giddens, Anthony e.o.
    4. Socialization and the Life Cycle

  • Hutchison, Elizabeth D. [2007]
    A Life Course Perspective - Chapter 1

  • Life course approach - Wikipedia
    A life course is a sequence of socially defined events and roles that the individual enacts over time.

  • Life Course Theory
    An explenaition of the historical development, key principles and concepts, including selected research applications. Presented by the Marriage and Family Encyclopedia.

  • Sherman, Elaine [1980] - Hofstra University, USA
    Aging, Life Cybles and the Sociology of Time
    In: Advances in Consumer Research Volume 17, 1990, p. 902-904

  • Archiv für Lebenslaufforschung (ALLF)
    The German Archive for Life Course Research contains interview data from qualitative social research. The documented and digitised social science data collections can be used for secundary research, learning and teaching.

• Generational Times
  • Beh, Andrew [1996] (London School of Economics and Political Science, UK)
    ‘Generations’ and Political Science: The Importance of Taking Time Seriously
    

  • Generation - Wikipedia

  • Generation Wars - Voice of the Shuttle
    A selection of links to online sources on conclicts between generations.

  • LifeCourse
    An analysis of generational constellations, archetypes and historical generations in the USA.

  • Maccoby, Michael [1999] (Oxford University, UK)
    The Self In Transition: From Bureaucratic to Interactive Social Character
    Paper read at The American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 43rd Annual Meeting, May 14, 1999.

  • Web Generation - What is your generation?
    A characterization of all the different (American) generations from 1940’s till today.

• Social Times
  • Social Cycle Theory - Wikipedia

Editor	dr. Albert Benschop Social & Behavioral Studies University of Amsterdam
Created	July, 1996
Last modified	10th January, 2013