Telework - Telecommuting

Editor: dr. Albert Benschop Social & Behavioral Sciences / Media Studies University of Amsterdam Netherlands Created: January, 1996 Last modified: 18th January, 2006

 

Worldwide

• Cybercafes all over the world
  A database of > 4.000 cafes in 138 countries. You can click on the map for quick access to regional listings, or search by city or country name for a list of cafes found in that location.

• Telecommuting
  The About.com Guide to Telecommuting. Editor: Catherine Roseberry.

• Working from Home Forum - Compuserve.

U.S.A.

• Alternative Work Environments (AVE)
  Products and services to assist in the implementation of distributed learning, distributed workforce, and collaborative distributed applications. AWE specializes in telecommuting, mobile computing, and virtual office solutions. Headquartered in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania (Greater Philadelphia Area).

• American Telecommuting Association (ATA)
  How to join ATA. Including good information and encouragement.

• Bélanger, France [1996] (Information Systems and Decision Sciences, University of South Florida, USA)
  Distributed Work Arrangements: Impacts of Advanced Information Technologies, Work Coordination Mechanisms, and Communication Requirements
  Recent developments in information technology have enabled downsizing, globalizing and virtualizing of organizations. One such trend is the creation of new distributed work structures and arrangements. These new work arrangements and organizational designs (from supplemental work at home to completely virutal organizations) have met with varying success. This study investigated whether various types of infomration system and communication technologies have differing impacts on the success of distributed work arrangements, given the work coordination and communication required for a work group.

• Belsen, David [1994]
  Network Nation Revisited
  A thesis presented to the faculty of Stevens Institute of Technology. In 1978 Starr Roxanne Hiltz and Murray Turoffo wrote a seminal text on Computer Mediated Communication, "The Network Nation". They prognosticated what the future of Computer Mediated Communication would be. Belsen examines each of the 14 predictions made by Hiltz and Turoff, and evaluates each of them relative to the developments that have taken place with regard to Computer Mediated Communication over the past 16 years.

• Business@Home
  An online gathering spot and information resource for the working-from-home community. The site provides news-to-use and how-to information committed to help you make a life while you make a living.

• California Department of Personnel Administration: Telework
  Documentation of the California government telework program.

• Clark, Stanley D. [1997] [MOVED TO ??]
  The Decision to Telework: A Model of Prediction
  A study on the factors that are important to telework adoption. The decision models that are discussed are: the decomposed theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model, the expected utility theory, the prospect theory, the agency theory, and the institutional theory.

• DSL Forum
  A forum that wants to help telephone companies and their suppliers develop and market ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line) technology. The site offers short explanations of all DSL technologies, the system environment for ADSL, and the basic futures of the ADSL market.

• Extreme Telecommuting
  An office Odyssey by Sid and Kristianne. "Extreme Telecommuting is when you telecommute from every place all the time. Not only are you not tied to the corporate office, you're not even tied to a house. You fire up the laptop, grab the Acoustic Koupler, jump into the van, and head out on the highway. You've got maps, your fly rod, a cell phone, cigarette-lighter adapters up the yazoo, and all you need is the odd Kinko's, a payphone here and there, and a good friend to do it with."

• Georgetown University Telework Study
  The study by the Georgetown University School of Business for Bell Atlantic surveyed telecommuters at several companies -- including American Express, Marriott International, Fannie Mae and Bellcore -- over a period of several months. The telecommuting study was designed and conducted for Bell Atlantic by Dr. Lamar Reinsch. It was among the first of its kind to examine the "human dimension" of telecommuting. Three quarters of the workers surveyed reported that their work was more productive when telecommuting and 83 percent said that telecommuting had changed their home lives for the better. Overall, the results indicated that companies can anticipate enormous success from telecommuting programs if management makes a commitment to support teleworkers with training, technology and flexibility.

• Hamilton, Joan O'C./Baker, Stephen/Vlassic, Bill [1966]
  The New Workplace
  A paper on the office of the future: work anywhere, anytime. How some companies are making it all happen, through means such as telecommuting and hoteling. In: BusinessWeek.

• Hard@Work: Concentrate
  How to concentrate on your work. Tips that will help you "stay focused" and get rid of distractions.

• International Workplace Studies Program - Cornell University.
  Major research program on the Office of the Future. Some pioneering studies of hoteling and non-territorial offices; telework centers-satellite offices; home-based telecommuting; collaborative workplace strategies; new placemakers (unconventional workplace providers).

• Institute for the Study of Distributed Work (ISDW)
  A non-profit organizational learning and research center dedicated to the furthering of increased worker productivity, efficient use of physical space, appropriate design and use of technology, improved employee contentment through distributed work, telecommuting, and distance learning. The site provides research reports on distributed work and a library of resources.

• International Homework Association (IHA)
  The Homeworkers Association's services for homeworkers in the United States and Canada, including insurance, information, a place to share strategies, and discounted tools for your business. Potential employers can list job openings.

• International Telework Association & Council (ITAC)
  A non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the growth and success of work independent of location. Their members share information about the telecommuting program and policy design, development of the U.S. telecommuting sector, implementation of telecommuting programs and telecommuting research.

• June Langhoff's Telecommuting Resource Center

• Jala International
  An international group of management consultants in California (USA). Their mission is to help organizations make effective use of information technology and to better cope with the accellerating rate of change in the business environment. JALA's activities are in four main areas: telework, applied futures research, technology assessment and regional telecommunications planning. Co-founder and president of Jala is Jack Nilles, who coined the terms telecommuting and teleworking in 1973 during the first documented pilot telecommuting project. In Some common - and not so common - telework/telecommuting questions Jack Nilles's answers and comments.

• Lewis, Patricia F. [1994] (Univ. of Maryland, USA)
  Telecommunications Management
  A Feasibility Study of Implementing a Telecommuting Program at Booz-Allen and Hamiltion. She also maintains a Telecommuting and Telework Resource Page.

• Low, Julian [MOVED TO..?]
  Computerization in the Workplace: Do Computers Work at Work?
  Essay on the implementation of computer technology in the white-collar workplace. As computers become an integral part of every workplace, various adjustments must be made to accomodate the new technology. It is hard to predict who will be affected by these changes.

• Mahoukou, Marcel-Lucas (Office National des Postes et Télécommunications du Congo, Africa)
  Telecentre Communautaire, Une Solution Pour Le Rural
  A paper on telecenters and rural development (in French)

• Marcus, Jason [1995] (University of California, Santa Cruz)
  Environmental and Social Impacts of Telecommuting and Teleactivities
  A senior thesis that concentrates on the effects of communication and transportation technologies on urban form and function. Do developments in transportation and communication technologies produce urban settlements that are considerably more dispersed, varied, and space-consuming than they ever were in the past? Will the advances in computing and telecommunications technologies fuel further urban sprawl and capital flight from central cities? Will advanced technologies reduce or increase urban density? Marcus argues that it is more likely that the centralizing effects of teleactivities will prevail, producing more compact urban areas composed of many small neighborhoods linked by transit to other neighborhoods and to the central city.

• MCK Communications
  A provider of remote-voice solutions. Their site contains links to telecommuting experts/consultants and industry links.

• Mokhtarian, Patricia L. (Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Davis)
  Telecommunications & Travel Research Program
  

• Niles, John S.
  Beyond Telecommuting: A new paradigm for the Effect of Telecommunications on Travel
  An informative discussion of why telecommunications tends to favor suburban development patterns.

• Pitman, Sarah
  Home Sweet Home - Sweet Work?
  A paper that explores issues of telecommuting from a worker's perspective, looking at how telework will affect the currently separate spheres of home, work and family. Specifically focusing on the roles of women in the home and family and how they will be affected by these changes.

• Recursos Para El Teletrabajo
  Americo-Hispanic Telework Association.
  In Spanish only.

• Reymers, Kurt (Department of Sociology, SUNY at Buffalo)
  • [1996] Telecommuting: Attempts at the Re-Integration of Work and Family

  • [1998] Telecommuting: On the Re-Integration of Work and Family
    July 27, 1998. Published in the Red Feather Journal of Graduate Sociology, Vol. 2, Summer 1998.

• Robertson, Ken [1997]
  How Remote Workers Impact Office Space
  In: Telework 5(2), March/April 1997, published by KLR Consulting Inc.

• Robertson, Ken [2001]
  The Dead of Formal Telework Programs?

• Smart Valley Telecommuting Guide

• SOHO Central
  "SoHo" is an acronym which stands for Small Office/Home Office. The SOHO Central is the official WWW address of the Home Office Association of America (HOAA), the national and local organization for full-time home-based professionals, telecommuters, and those who use a home office so they can spend more time with their families. The site includes a newsletter for those who work at home.

• Telecommute America - The first nationwide public awareness, information and education program focusing on the benefits of telecommuting & non-traditional work environments including virtual office, work-at-home, satellite offices, and more. The site is hosted by AT&T.

• Telecommuter Resumes
  A source to simplify your recruiting process. A compilation of the resumes of candidates who are interested in pursuing careers as Telecommuters / Remote Workers. Compiled from "Remote Work" list members and presented by: IndyTrax Internet Promotions.

• Telecommuting Guide from Pacific Bell.
  The guide explains the basics of telecommuting, how to implement a program, tips for managing telecommuters, and technological considerations.

• Telecommuting Knowledge Center (TKC)
  A comprehensive sourcebook & information center for telecommuting technologies. TKC participants have access to an extensive resource of telecommuting literature, vendors, consultants, products, services and events.

• Telecommuting in Massachusetts
  A Synopsis of the Massachusetts Telecommuting Initiative by Paul C. Boyd (MCK Communications). During 1994 the Massachusetts Division of Energy Resources and the Massachusetts Highway Department undertook a project to study the impacts of telecommuting on the Commonwealth. The project became known as the Massachusetts Telecommuting Initiative. This research was conducted with the participation of over 300 respondents from 51 employers. The conclusions drawn from this research reveal a number of arguments that support and promote the use of telecommuting.

• Telecommuting: Possible Futures for Urban and Rural Communities by Ray Quay.
  Telecommuting is one of the numerous changes resulting from the socialization of information technologies. This new wave of technology socialization has the potential to change completely all facets of our current society. This potential change is so fundamental that there are a variety of possible futures, good and bad, that could be created.

• Telecommuting Safety & Health Benefits Institute (TSHBI)
  The mission of the institute, which was founded by Rick Johnson, is to advocate telecommuting as a means to save lives, reduce injuries, and improve health, thereby enhancing the quality of life for workers and the general public.

• Gil Gordon Associates - Telecommuting
  A great page that consolidates a wide variety of information on the subjects of telecommuting, teleworking and flexible work. The objective is to provide a "one-stop service" for practitioners, researchers, policy-makers and others interested in this rapidly evolving field.

  • Do You Want to Telecommute?
    General resources for people who are trying to become a telecommuter themselves.
  • Do You Manage Telecommuters? - Includes a Managers and Management FAQ on telecommuting, telework and alternative officing, a page on telecommuting tools, a law library, information on intranets and push technology.
  • Are You Researching Telecommuting?
  • Or Building Your Skills Further? - For the telecommuting "pro" who is already familiar with the basics. Here you will find extensive information on Products and Services.
  • Telecommuting Review
  • Worldwide Resources

• Telework Development Group

• Telework Solutions
  A full range of consulting services regarding the establishment and daily operation of for-profit telework centers. They provide technical support, equipment, and Internet services.

• Transportation Implications of Telecommuting
  A report, addressing the potential cost and benefits of telecommuting. It has been prepared by the Department of Transportation, in consultation with the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency. Although the estimates of the future level and impacts of telecommuting are highly uncertain, telecommuting has the potential to provide significant transportation-related public benefits in this decade. "The congestion and air quality improvements potentially attainable through telecommuting could be substantially diminished if telecommuters removed from the highways are replaced by the emergence of latent travel demand."

• University of Michigan Telecommuting Task Force
  In the Telecommuting Task Force Report you can read the conclusions and recommendations made by the task force.

• U.S. Department of Labor
  Telework and the New Workplace of the 21st Century
  An online volume that presents the work of twelve scholars as an attempt to contextualize and to explicate many of the dynamics involved in telework.

Canada

• Canadian Telework Association (CTA)
  A non-profit association dedicated to promoting telework in Canada. The site is shared by "InnoVisions Canada". It contains instructive articles on telework (advantages & disadvantages, cost-benefits, taxes, jobs etc.), information on telework conferences & events, telwork stories and humor ("If I was at work, I'd be at home by now"), telework products, books and links.

• Canadian Teleworking Research - Sociology Department of the University of Toronto.
  Papers on telework written by Janet Salaff.

• Canadian Telework Registry

• InnoVisions Canada
  Canada's premier telework and flexible work consulting organization together with the Canadian Telework Association. A great site for anyone searching for authoritative and pertinent information about telework and other flexible work arrangements.

• Telecommuting Consultants International Inc.
  

• Telework Policy [1999]
  This Canadian program, representing over three years of research and consultation, was developed in the Policies and Procedures Group of the Treasury Board Secretariat, under the direction of Rod Grainger, and under the project leadership of Bob Fortier. See the Teleworkers Survey.

Austalia

• Australian Rural Telecentres Association
  The home page of the North East Telecentre in Wangaratta, Victoria. It refers to the Australian Rural Telecentre Association.

• Centre for Rural Social Research (CRSR) - Telecottage research

Asia

• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  Telecommunications & Information Working Group

• Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT)
  A regional telecommunication urganization under the auspices of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP).

• South Asian Telecommunications Regulators' Council (SATRC)
  Presenting reports from several international meetings.

India

• Teleworking and Teletrade in India
  A research project from the United Nations University's Institute for New Technologies (UNU INTECH). The investigation is focused on the existing prevalence of and future potential for (i) telecommuting in the Greater Bombay area, for (ii) teletrade in software in Bombay, Bangalore and Calcutta and in the media and financial services sectors in Bombay, and on (iii) the implications of these developments for women and other disadvantaged groups. Project Director: Swasti Mitter. National Project Director: S. Ramani. Project coordinator: Alka Irani.

Japan

• Japan Telework Association (JTA)

• Japan Telework Society
  An academic society devoted to research about telework practices and trends.

Malaysia

• Teleworking and Teletrade in Malaysia
  A research project from the United Nations University's Institute for New Technologies (UNU INTECH). The project aims to identify extent, nature and future possibilities of teleworking and teletrade in Malaysia. Project Director: Cecilia Ng.

• Working From Home
  Malaysia's one-stop work resource for homemakers, homepreneurs and their families.

Thailand

• Nilles, Jack M. [1999]
  Electronic Commerce and New Ways of Working in Thailand

Latin America

• Tebela - Telematics Bridge between Europe and Latin America
  The TEBELA Project is grant-funded by the European Commission under the INCO-DCprogramme (INternational COoperation in Developing Countries). It aims to support the exchange of experience and expertise by assisting the development of networks and links between Europe and Latin America in connection with teleworking, electronic commerce, sustainable development and the Information Society generally. These networks and links will support technicians, business development authorities and teleworkers, providing a common forum involving government, employers, SMEs and individuals.

Brazil

• Feijo, Flavio Juarez
  Telework in Brazil [Moved to ?]

Middle East

Israel

• The Telework Site

Europe

• Allinclusive@work
  Working from home, nowadays nearly the only form of telework, does offer a solution to the mobility problem, by eliminating the necessity of travelling, but experience shows that it also has its disadvantages. For example: the costs of infrastructure (desk, telecom, etc.), social isolation, lack of a professional work climate and the problematic separation between work and home environment.Therefore alternative forms of telework are pursued in this European project

• Electronic Commerce and Telework Trends (ECATT)
  Up-to-date information on telework in the UK and other countries including its distribution and penetration in different European countries can be obtained from this site. It provide the results from a project entitled "Benchmarking progress on electronic commerce and telework in Europe" carried out by a consortium of many partners from different European countries and subcontractors from the USA and Japan led by empirica.

• Epitelio Network
  Excluded People Integration by the use of Telematic Innovative Opportunities. A European project oriented to the design, development and validation of an Internet-based telematics platform to support individuals, agencies and networks concerned with the promotion of self-employment and teleworking in the fight against social exclusion.

• Ethos - European Telematics Horizontal Observatory Service
  The major aim is to monitor and assess: the deployment of applications of information and communication technologies; developments in market trends, state of deployment of telematics applications and user needs; developments in both computer and telecommunications technologies that present a potential for telematics applications.

• European Commission
  Information Society
  The A guide through various aspects of the information society. It covers the impact of the Information Society on citizenship, education, culture, business and much more. The site also presents information on relevant programmes and initiatives of the European Commission.

• European Telework Online (ETO)
  A resource and information exchange on telework, teletrade and telecooperation. Supported by European Telework Development (ETD) it is an initiative supported by the European Commission (DGXIII). The site provides information on telework, teletrade and telecooperation, news on the telework front, and a great collection of links. And you can read it in all the European languages. The site includes a very useful directory to European Country Specific Telework Pages:
  (Select A Country From The Menu And Press Go)
  
  Select A Country Here Austria Belgium Bulgaria Bulgaria In Bulgarian Canada Central & Eastern Europe Czech Republic Czech Republic In Czech Denmark Denmark In Danish Finland France France In French Germany Germany In German Greece Greece In Greek Hungary Hungary In Hungarian Ireland Italy Italy In Italian Latvia Latvia In Latvian Luxembourg Mediterranean Countries Moldova Netherlands Norway Poland Poland in Polish Portugal Portugal In Portuguese Romania Romania in Romanian Russia Russia In Russian Spain Spain In Spanish Sweden Sweden In Swedish Switzerland Switzerland in German Ukraine United Kingdom

• Euro-Telework
  Euro-Telework is supported by the European Commission (DG Employment and Social Affairs) and is co-ordinated by the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC). The project brings together organizations in all member states of the EU. The site offers information on projects and project partners, reports, telework agreements and contracts, cases and resources.

• Information Society disAbilities Challenge (ISdAC) - European Telework Development
  At the beginnings of the Information Society it is now time to make it accessible to all European citizens, the same way as new buildings provide ways to overcome barriers in their design stage. ISdAC is a challenge put together by people with disabilities (PwD) who believe that full participation by PwD can and should be driven by PwD, with support from society through the European Union and the Governments of the Member States and from their non-disabled friends. "We are challenging Europe and its nations to make the Information Society fully accessible to people with disabilities (PwD), and challenging people with disabilities to demonstrate their abilities in an Information Society context by playing an active role in building a fully accessible Information Society in Europe."

• International Workshop on Telework (1)
  From Telecommuting to the Virtual Organisation? Brunel University West London (UK).

• International Workshop on Telework (2)
  Building Actions on Ideas. Amsterdam (Netherlands) - sept 2-5, 1997. The workshop will be designed to provide the opportunity for in-depth discussion of key contemporary issues in Teleworking, Alternative Officing, Virtual Organisations, Internet-based Working and Computer-Supported Distributed Work. In particular, the workshop aims to draw together: the latest conceptual, theoretical and empirical work of researchers and academics; the practical experiences and problems of practitioners and policy-makers.

• International Workshop on Telework (3)
  Following the first two international workshops in London and Amsterdam, a third event took place september 1-4, 1998 in the Finnish archipelago city of Turku. The theme was: "Telework environments".

• International Workshop on Telework (4)
  Telework Strategies for the New Workforce. Japan 1999.

• Models of Industrial Relations in Telework Innovation (MIRTI)
  A EU-funded research project intended to view telework from the perspective of Europe’s labor unions and their membership. It has set out to develop suggestions and guidelines for a contractual and regulatory framework of industrial relations, based on actual field experience. The results of this are intended to be useful to companies, workers and public agencies involved in telework projects and programs. The five language MIRTI-handbook represents a pioneering cross-border approach to best practice in telework. MIRTI has a follow-up project: Euro-Telework.

• National Telework Websites

  Austria: European Telework Online Austria Belgian Teleworking Association Bularia: European Telework Online Bulgaria Czech Republic national page Denmark: European Telework Online Denmark Finland: European Telework Online Finland French Telework Association Germany: European Telework Online Germany Greece: European Telework Online Greece Hungary: European Telework Online Hungary Ireland: European Telework Online Ireland Ireland: Telework Ireland Italy: Telelavoro Italia Latvia: European Telework Online Latvia

  Luxembourg Téléactivités Association (ALTA) Moldova: European Telework Online Moldova Netherlands: TelewerkForum Nederland Includes KennisBank Telewerk, a knowledge base on telework. Norway: European Telework Online Norway Poland: European Telework Online Poland Portugal: European Telework Online Portugal Romania: European Telework Online Romania Russia: European Telework Online Russia Spanish Association of Telework Sweden: European Telework Online Sweden Switzerland: European Telework Online Switzerland United Kingdom: The Telework Telecottage and Telecentre Association (TCA) Ukraine: European Telework Online Ukraine Wales: TeleFythynnod Cymru (Telecottages Wales)

• Periphera [1998]
  Reducing Marginalisation Through Telework [pdf]
  Telework promises a great deal to European citizens through methods and opportunities for access to work, and a number of training organisations have decided to facilitate the success of trainees by providing 'workspace' and management support to launch 'self-help' actions. This paper presents a number of cases where new forms of organisation have been developed around the ideas of teleworking with remarkable success. The cases are presented in terms of the barriers to be overcome, the strategy employed, and the success to date. A summary of key findings is presented to highlight the main issues in providing access to work for marginalised groups. Authors: Frank Wilson & Tony Swash.

• Telecities
  A European organization of metropolitan cities promoting telematics for urban development. The motto is eCitizenship for All. It stands for the tight of all citizens to have effective access to public services, to participate in local public decision-making processes affecting the quality of life and to equally share the benefits from Information Society, in a secure environment.

• Telework 1997 | Telework 1998 | Telework 1999 | Telework 2000
  Status Report on European Telework. Annual Report from the European Commission, DGXIII-B.

• Telework and people with disabilities
  "See the Ability not the Disability". An opportunity to work with people who have disabilities that may inhibit their participation in conventional work and social activities but whose use of the Internet is empowering them to participate in and shape the development of the Information Society and the emerging Global Networked Economy. Presented by the European Telework Online (ETO).

• Telework Europa
  A project which supports the European Commission sponsored Telematics Application Programme (TAP). It is also the unofficial web-site of the Telematics for Urban and Rural Areas (TURA) sector of the TAP, and as such it is the central information dissemination point for activities related to the use of telematics in local and regional development.

• Telework - Penetration, Potential and Practice in Europe by W.B. Korte (Empirica, Bonn) and R. Wynne (Work Research Centre, Dublin).
  Summarizes the results of the TELDET (Telework Developments and Trends). A Compilation of Information on Telework: Case Studies and Trend Analysis.

• Telmet: Teleworking Training Methodology [Moved to ?]
  The TELMET project, part-funded by the European Commission, is creating an open and flexible training methodology in the field of teleworking that suits the needs of training organisations and persons in a variety of occupations that wish to have access to this new method of working. The project is managed by the Union General de Trabajadores (General Workers Trade Union), Madrid, Spain. The site contains information on the TELMET project; contacts and information resources; course curricula and training initiatives; training methodology guidelines handbook; workshops, seminars and conferences; key books and articles; a list with related sites.

• W.I.S.E. Forum
  The Work, Information Society and Employment Forum, of the EC's DIPLOMAT project (the European Telework Charter). They want to provide an informed, neutral environment for people concerned with employment, including national, regional and local government, trade unions, employers, trade associations and social partners, to debate work and employment aspects of the Information Society. They develop policy advice for governments, employers and other market actors and stimulate international inviting research, contributions and participation from people and organizations throughout the world, reflecting the importance of global and trans-border aspects of telework and tele-business.

Austria

• Österrreichische Telearbeitsvereinigung (ÖTA)
  Association of teleworkers in Austria.

• Sonntag, Michael V.
  • [1997] Telearbeit — Ein Untersuchung von Rahmenbedingungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Telekommunikationsanbindung
    Research on the telecommunication conditions of telework.

  • [1998] Intelligent Agents - Inevitable Tools for Teleworkers [pdf]
    Presented at Online Collaboration Berlin. Second International Conference on Teleworking, Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce.

  • [1999] Teleteaching and Teamwork - A contradiction? [pdf]
    Online Educa Berlin. 5th International Conference on Technology Supported Learning.

  • [2002] Intelligent Agents - Inevitable Tools for Teleworkers

• Teleworking
  General information on telework, the telework centre, and the performance of teleworkers. Page of the research institute for Microprocessor Technology at the University of Linz (in English).

Belgium

• Anders werken
  A site where managers and employees who want to telework can be educated.

• e.werken
  A review of all questions and information on e-work in Flanders.

• Télétravail
  CGSP (Centrale Générale des Services Publics) of the Fédération Générale du Travail de Belgique (FGTB), one of the two large trade-union federations in Belgium. The site contains questions & answers concerning telework, explication of telework connected term, resources and teletools, a practical guide, and some fun.

• Thuiswerk
  A homeworking page with special attention for homeworking information specialist.

• thuiswerk.start.be
  A Belgian portal on homework.

• Tijd voor Telewerk
  Michel Walrave (University of Antwerpen) explores telework and teleworkers in Belgium.

Denmark

• Christiansen, Andreas Haaning / Jacobsen, Kåre Nordahl / Kalsdottir, Anna
  Master thesis on telework as it is applied in professional work [Moved to ?]
  An analysis of the perspectives of performing highly qualified work as telework. It discusses the nature of work and establishes the fact that highly qualified work has a social as well as a professional dimension for the individual.

• Pleased with EU agreement on telework - in: EirOnline, July 2002.
  The framework agreement on telework concluded by the EU-level social partners on 16 July 2002 was greeted with great satisfaction in Denmark (which has the highest level of teleworking in Europe). The agreement is to be implemented by the social partners themselves ragther than via legislation.

• Qvortrup, Lars (CCS, Odense Univ., Denmark)
  • [1997] Community Teleservice Centres around the world
    Community Teleservic Centres (CTSCs) are multipurpose centres who don't just provide teleworking or telelearning, but ventilate or provide air to a number of different activities. CTSCs provide computers and teleconference services for local communities in geographically or socially remote regions. The survey is based on a questionnaire distributed via national associations (over 200 centres in 11 different countries).

  • Telework: the Trend Towards Networking
    What is telework? The history of a changing concept. How many are currently teleworking in Europe? The problem of counting the uncountable. How is telework related to organizational trends and to the general life situation of the individual teleworker? What are the challenges for remote regions?

  • [1999] Organisations and Social Complexity: The Case of Telework

Finland

• Heinonen, Sirkka [1998]
  Telework Potential in Finland
  An analysis of the suitability of the Finnish working population to telework. It shows how realization of the telework potential is affected by various prerequisites and benefits of telework as well as looming obstacles and risks.

• Fleximarketing
  This fleximarketing initiative in Finland is to some extent working as a virtual telecottage. Members are encouraged to network, undertake joint marketing, arrange training sessions, give IT support and meet socially.

• Telework for Change
  A keyproject of the European Social Fund and the Finnish Ministry of Labour. The project seeks to identify organizational development needs regarding flexible working arrangements and business networking. Their aim is to examine development opportunities relating particularly to the adoption of telework and to the management of business resources. You can read the position paper, Development of Telework Research from the Finnish Perspective (Finnish and English version).

France

• Association Française du Télétravail et des Télé-activités (AFTT)
  French Association for telework and teleactivities.

• Cyberworkers
  A French site on telework offering free tools and resources for teleworkers community on the net (French, German, English, Spanish versions).

• Cybertel

• Houdoy, Hubert
  Bilan personnel et professionel a distance
  The author tries to demonstrate how the telework technology can intensify and democratize the services of job consultants.

• IDATE - Institut de l'audiovisuel et des télécommunications en Europe
  Institute for audiovisual and telecommunications in Europe.

• Inforoutes et télétravail: les enjeux
  Interview with Pierre Vial (general secretary of the UCC-FFDT), by Dominique Desbois.

• Le DATAR
  Délégation à l'Aménagement du Territoir et à l'Action Régionale.

• Le télétravail à pas de velours
  in: L'Hebdo N° 47 - Travail (1996)

• Réseau d'Activités à Distance - RAD
  Network for Remote Activities. The mission is to understand and fight against unemployment; catch opportunities offered by new information technologies; and to experiment a new kind of solidarity. Includes English version.

• Télétravail Online

Germany

• Arbeit in der Informationsgesellschaft
  A collection of resources on telework in the information society. Editor: Andreas Boes (Marburg).

• Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft Arbeit (BMWI)
  • [1999] Telearbeit im Mittelstand - Erfahrungen aus der Praxis [pdf] [doc]
  • [2000] Initiative Telearbeit der Bundesregierung [pdf]
  • [2001] Telearbeit - Leitfaden für flexibles Arbeiten in der Praxis [pdf]

• Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
  Elektronischer Leitfaden zur Telearbeit

• Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)
  A bibliographic database maintained by the Applied Informatics and Distributed Systems Group at the Technische Universität München. The main emphasis is on computer support for team work: both real computer-based systems (groupware that support groups of people engaged in a common task or goal and that provide an interface to a shared environment), as wel as their psychological, social and organizational effects.
  

• Empirica
  Communication and technology research in Bonn. German and English version.

• Forum für Telekooperation (ForTe) - Council for telecooperation based at the Technical University in Munich.

• Frauenhofer Institute for Secure Telecooperation (SIT)
  One of the research institutes of the GMD (German National Research Center for Information Technology GmbH). The main focus of their work is on research into the technological basis of telecooperation, on the conception of telecooperative scenarios, and on the development of prototype applications.

• IG Metall
  Telearbeit Gestaltungs- und Regelungshinweise für alternierende Telearbeit

• Office 21
  The Fraunhofer Institute for Labour & Organization Science (IAO) presents visions and solutions for the office of the future. In co-operation with private partners the IAO has created an interactive future laboratory for office innovation in the center of Stuttgart.

• Online Forum Telearbeit
  An employee-oriented telework concultation, presented bij OnForTe. It is a joint venture realized by four german trade unions. OnForTe provides information for self-employed people and exemples for collective agreements on telework, examples of 'best practice', information about health and data protection, and tips and support.

• TA - Tele@rbeit
  Gesellschaft für innovative Arbeitsformen m.b.H. German and English version. The main objectives of this consulting company are the examination and introduction of telework in a real environment esp. in rural areas.

• TecO - Telecooperation Office
  Founded by the University of Karlsruhe and the Campus-based Engineering Center (CEC) of Digital Equipment with the mission of applied research and technology transfer in the area of telematics.

• Telecentres in Germany

• Telekooperation.de
  A webserver maintained by the Forum für Telekooperation. The goal is to support the interdisciplinary exchange in the context of telecooperation. The information provided on this server comes from the different diciplines that are engaged in telecooperation (economics, informatics, psychology, ...). The site includes a bibliographic database which allow you to search the contents of the fulltext index of the bibliographic reference collection.
  
  Match: AND OR Boolean
  Search:
  
  
  

• Telewisa: Telearbeit
  Provides advice and help for teleworkers.

• Telework Competence Center (TWCC)
  Wants to create a center for national and international teleworking-Know-Hows. Exchanging experiences is the main activity of this non-commercial organization.

• Teleworx Magazine
  A magazine handling all kinds of tele-topics, especially teleworking and telelearning. Teleworx Magazine is available on subscription or at railway and airport newstands in Germany.

Greece

• Crete Telework Network (CTN)
  Provides the necessary teleworking infrastructure, for businesses and tourists, for demanding or occasional teleworkers who wish to keep in touch with their business while on holidays. Offered by some of the major Hotels on the island of Crete in cooperation with FORTHnet SA

• Zeus Teleworking
  A Greek teleworking network.

Hungary

• Távmunka Projekt - Hungarian Telework Community
  A portal on telework with news, jobs, e-learning, chat, games etc.

• Telework
  Series of articles by Andrea Wesselényi (published in the Hungarian weekly VGA Monitor).

Ireland

• e-Work

• Work Life Balance
  Information and resources on work life balance policies which assist workers in combining employment with their family lige, caring responsibilities and personal life outside the workplace, while meeting the employers needs.

Italy

• Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro (CGIL) - Italian Trade Union involved in telework related activities.

• Confederazione Italiana Sindacati dei Lavoratori (CISL) - Italian Trade Union involved in telework related activities.

• A Law for Telework by Patrizio Di Nicola.
  A legislative proposal with the intent of promoting and expanding the practice of telework. It has been created through the collaboration of individuals who are familiar with new technologies and are interested in expanding the possibility of working at a distance in Italy.

• Progetto Telelavoro dall 'Appennino Reggiano

• Telecenters in Italy (SocioSite)

• Telelavoro Italia by Patricio Di Nicola.

• Thesi sul telelavoro
  Description of research projects on telework in Italy and a listing of other telework resources. It is a page to help students and PhDs working on telework. Editor: Alessandro Minelli (University of Turin). In Italian, with some English.

Netherlands

• Bibliography on Telework - Printed Resources by Albert Benschop (University of Amsterdam).

• DePous.nl
  Articles on legal aspects of telework in the Netherlands, written by Mr. V.A. de Pous (Amsterdam).

• JobsForYou
  A site that tries to mediate between demand and supply for teleworkers.

• Linburg, D.O. [2001] (University of Twente)
  Does ICT have certain features that can create a Panopticon in which supervision over subjects can take place without the supervisors being visible to the subjects and without the subjects being able to have contact with each other? Do teleworkers comply to the rules because they are insecure whether they are being observed at a given moment of time? The author argues that a real Panopticon, where managers have full control over the employees and employees are unable to organize themselves, is highly improbable. Teleworking, a New Panopticon?
  Paper presented at the Sixth ITF workshop on Telework, Amsterdam 2001.

• Samenwerken op afstand - Ministry of Traffic, Public Works and Water Management

• Secretariaats-werk
  Supports at home working business services.

• Telewerk - Omwenteling van de tijd-ruimtelijke structurering van de arbeid by Albert Benschop (Amsterdam).
  A sociological analysis of telework and the advent of a information society. The key concept is the transformation of time-space structuration of labor.

• Telewerk Centrum Amsterdam
  A center for telework in Amsterdam (Dutch).

• Telewerk Forum (NTF)
  A non-profit, national association dedicated to promoting telework in the Netherlands.

• Telewerken voor gemeenten
  Telework for municipalities.

• Telewerkmeubilair
  A virtual showroom of Home-Office furniture for teleworkers, from Witteveen Furniture Trading (Ouderkerk a/d Amstel, Netherlands). It includes 'the ultimate surf chair'.

• Thuiswerk begint hier
  A link collection on homework in the Netherlands.

Portugal

• Associação de lingua Portuguese para o Desenvolvimento do Teletrabalho (APDT)
  The Portuguese Association for Telework Development. This non-profit association, aims to promote telework by giving support to their associates concerning training sessions new communication technologies and information supplying, making the link between associates and companies that can give specific training in the areas which their associates are guided.

• Estudo Teletrabalho em Portual
  An in-depth research project about telework in Portugal with the aim of providing recommendations on the implementation and promotion of telework solutions in Portugal. The objectives of the project are : analyse the current state of telework in Portugal; identify trends of the development of telework in Portugal; contribute to policies of employment and professional training by identifying ways in which the potential advantages of telework can be successfully explored. In Portuguese, Spanish, French and English.

• Telecorreio - Telework in Portugal.

• TransNet/AutoMail

Romania

• Romanian Telework Society (RTS)
  A non-profit, non-governmental organization acting as generator for exchanges, information and projects in the field of the Romanian teleactivities.

Russia

• Telecooperation - Eto

Scotland

• Highland Telematics — Teleworking
  A management company for over 200 teleworkers. They operate as a virtual company using the latests telecommunications technology to link the management team with the teleworkers and clients.

Spain

• Agoratel
  A spanish portal for teleworkers.

• DeTeletrabajo.com

• Grupo de Tecnologias de la Informacion y las Comunicaciones (GTIC) - Polytechnical University of Madrid.
  A Spanish view on telecenters, telejobs, and the concept of teleworking.

• Telecentres in Spain

• Teletrabajo
  Telework in Spain from the Asociacion Española de Teletrabajo (AET).

• Investigación en Organización de Empresas y Teletrabajo
  Editor: Dr. Antonio Padilla Meléndez (Universidad de Málaga, Spain). You can also visit the Spanish mailinglist on telework: Lista de Discusión sobre el Teletrabajo

Sweden

• Telecottages Association of Sweden (TC-S)
  A network for IT-users, Teleworkers and Telecottages. The TC-S works towards the development and cooperation between small and medium-sized IT companies, 'Computer Cafés' and IT centers spread throughout the country. In Swedish, English and German.

Switzerland

• Schoch, Rolf / Harabi, Najib / Hespeler, Frank [2001]
  Die Diffusion von Telearbeit

• Telework Unlimited - German and English version.

United Kingdom

• Analytica
  An independent social and economic research company, directed by Ursula Huws. It carries out research and consultancy on subjects including: flexible working patterns, the future of work, information society, globalization, teleworking.

• Bibby, Andrew: What's happening to work?
  A collection of articles on the effects of technological change on work organization and management and in particular in the issue of telework.

  • [1991] Is Telework right for you?
    A modified version of "Making the Decision: is Telework right for you?" It examines the advantages and disadvantages of changing to teleworking.

  • [1996] Trade unions and Telework

  • [1997] Outsourcing to the Western Isles

  • [1999] An introduction to working from home

  • [2000] Organising in financial call centres
    A report on the very rapid growth of call centres for the Union Network International (UNI). The report is also available in French, German and Spanish language versions.

  • [2000] Working Anywhere
    An exploration of telework for individuals and organizations.

  • [2002] Beginning to work from home

• Evens, Anne
  Working at Home: A New Career Dimension
  In: International Journal of Career Management 5(2): 16-23.
  Examines the extent to which office-type work is performed in worker's homes, taking advantage of developments in computers and telecommunications, and indicates the benefits which such homeworking can bring to employees and employers. The author reports the results of an attitude survey of employees, which identifies the degree of interest, the type of work it can cover, and areas of concern.

• Hodson, Noel (Teleworking Studies, Oxford)
  The Economics of Teleworking

• Flexibility
  An interactive forum on new ways of working. Includes a number of case studies.

• Hodson, Pauline (Oxford, UK)
  • [February 1995] Love and the Teleworker
    Sooner or later this question had to be asked: "What happens to the sub-text of working life, sex, romance, and intrigue when someone goes home to work." Pauline tries to figure out what teleworking at home can mean for our love life. Published in: Distans.

  • [March 1995] The Loneliness of the Long Distance Worker
    Hodson explains the "extremes" of teleworkers. "When it is not recognized that this home/work situation is an innovation which demands a re-thinking of the way we see work and home, there is a possibility that the end result will be the unfomfortable no-mans land." Published in: Distans.

  • [April 1997] Bringing Home the Electronic Baby
    Some considerations that should be kept in mind when you decide to work at or from home.
  
  

• Huws, Ursula
  • [1990] Monitoring the Flexible Workforce
    First published in Labour Market Statistics for the 90s.

  • [Jan 1991] Telework Projections
    First Published in Futures.

  • [May 1995] A Manager's Guide to teleworking
    A guide to setting up a teleworking scheme aimed at managers, drawing on the results of the Teleworking in Britain Survey. Written on behalf of the Employment Department.

  • [1995] Action Programmes for the protection of homeworkers: Ten Case-Studies from Around the world Geneve: ILO.

  • [March 1997] Teleworking: Guidelines for Good Practice
    Guidelines based on a Europe-wide study of existing good practices and collective agreements, in which five distinct types of teleworking are identified, each with its own characteristics and guidelines. Published by the Institute for Employment Studies.

  • [Spring 1997] The Paradox of Choice: Telecommunications and Rural Development

  • [2000] Equality and Telework in Europe

• Psychological Aspects of Teleworking in Rural Areas (PATRA)
  One of the first teleworking projects to be developed in conjunction with the European Union under its ORA (Opportunities for Rural Areas) programme.

• Telecommuting
  A UK page with links to telecommuting job sites and other relevant sites. Editor: Gary Conroy.

• Telecentres / Telecottages in the UK

• Telework Web Site (TWS)
  A central location for UK teleworkers to announce their services and skills to prospective employers or clients free (or cheap if you volunteer a contribution to costs).

• Workable UK
  A project sponsored by Reading University and business to assist disabled people gain employment. Workable wants to raise awareness among employers that disabled people can be excellent employees and outstanding performers.

• Working by Wire
  An online course for the building online virtual teams. Available anywhere, anytime. The days when teams worked together in one office or building are gone. The teams in organizations are no longer located together, but dispersed across cities, countries, companies and cultures. They've become virtual teams - working together from quite different locations.

• World of Work
  A portal for telework, small business, employment and SOHO content. Editor: Trevor Locke.

Teleworking Companies and Telecommuting Jobs

Companies

• Apple - "Think Different".

• AT&T Telework Guide
  Committed to supporting and encouraging telecommuters, both within AT&T and in other companies.

• Herman Miller
  Enduring designs for home and home office.

• IBM

• Intel

• Sun Microsystems - "It's everywhere you look"

• SHL - "Building Your Network Enterprise".

• Symantec

• European Telework Associates (ETWA)
  A multinational company active with professional telework negotiations. To companies and organizations the ETWA offers the services of self-employed teleworkers in a variety of disciplines. To the teleworkers they offer the possibility of obtaining assignments through the services of WATA from a wide range of companies and institutions.

• The JobServe Database: contract Telework or permanent positions

• JobSite
  Thousands of live job vacancies from Europe's leading recruitment agencies and direct employers.

• OfficeTec.Com
  A skills-specific database and search engine of over 60,000 Tele-Workers ready and immediately available to work.

• Solliciteren
  A Dutch collection of resources and articles on how to apply for a job. Editors: Cor Rietman & Hans de Zwager.

• Telecommuting Jobs
  Employment Brought Home by Levine Communications. Works two ways, either enter the job-line to check out jobs available, or enter job-seeker area to provide info on type of work sought together with work experience.

• Work@Home Affiliation
  Work from home for real companies, earning real paychecks. Joining Work@Home for $24.50 is more than purchasing a jog list and information material. You join a community of homeworkers who interact with each other. You get online information on how to work at home forever, forums and much more.

• Work-at-Home
  Work at home community with work at home jobs, news, opportunities and home-based business for people who already have a work at home job or who want to work from home.

• Would You Like To Telecommute ?
  A listing of over 700 companies who have reported to be Interested in people working from their home as full/part time employees and independent contractors. You can work from home for a company that is located in a completely different state than where you live.

Journals, Magazines and Newsletters

• Beyond Computing
  An online technology resource for business.

• Ethos Newsletter
  Incorporating European Telework Development News and Imprimatur News

• Fast Company
  A "handbook for the business revolution".

• mobiles
  The mobile computing lifestyle magazine. Lots of information on 'handheld computing'.

• The Telecommuting News (TTN)
  A newsletter in support of telecommuters and their employers is sponsored by Working Moms' Internet Refuge. TTN features up-to-date news items about telecommuting, profiles of individuals and companies detailing their experiences and programs, advice and stories for and about working moms and telecommuting, and on/offline telecommuting information resources.

• Telecommuting Review - Gil Gordon Associates.
  A monthly industry newsletter (since 1984) for employers and vendors. Authoritative as it is, online you'll only get summaries of articles free.

• Working From Home
  A magazine for people who are already working from home, or just thinking about it. This site wants to help you make the most of the liberating possibilities of telework. You'll find guidance and advice for setting up your home office, as well as resources that can help you from day to day. We also look at the possibilities for flexible working from a corporate viewpoint.

Discussion Lists and NewsGroups

Discussion Lists

• Community Network listserv at commnet-research@calvin.dgbt.doc.ca.
  Send a standard "subscribe" message to listserv@calvin.dgbt.doc.ca

• ETO Discussion List
  On this page you can subscribe directly to the Discussion List or to the Announcements List. News items go to both the discussion list and the announcement list, so don't join both lists. Both list have searchable archives.

• remote-work@Unify.Com
  To subscribe send the message "subscribe" to remote-work-request@unify.com

• Telelavoro - Italian Telework Discussion List, moderated by Patrizio Di Nicola.
  To join the list send message "subscribe telelavoro" to listserv@fclub.bbs.comune.roma.it

• Teletrabajo- Spanish telework discussion list, run by Antonio Padilla Meléndez (University of Malaga).

• Telework
  Mailing list 'Telework' presented by the Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida, USA.

• Telecommuting listserv at telecommute@svi.org.
  Send a standard "subscribe" message to majordomo@svi.org.

• Telework@Mailbase at telework@mailbase.ac.uk (Newcastle, UK).
  To subscribe send "join telework <firstname lastname>" to mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk.

• news:alt.support.telecommute - US newsgroup mostly.

• news:uk.business.telework- UK newsgroup mostly.

• Telecommuting Guide Bulletin Board - The Mining Co.

Directories and Guides

• DMOZ: Small Business: Telecommuting | Consulting: Telework

• Escape Artist

• NGI - Afdeling Computerrecht: Telewerken

• Sociology of Distance Education (SocioSite)

• Telecom Information Resources on the Internet
  A frequently expanded and updated list of over 8000 links. Maintained by Jeff MacKie-Mason & Juan Riveros (University of Michigan, USA).

• Telecommuting - Yahoo!

• Telecommuting Resources - Gil Gordon Associates.

• Teleworking Resources - Editor: Myron Szymanski

• Telework sites from: AltaVista | Google