Sociology of Power and Politics

• Activism, Collective Action, Social Movements, Utopianism (SocioSite)

• All Politics
  A joint venture of CNN and Time-Warner on American Politics.

• Black Quest: Power Resource Links
  A link collection for black power resources. Editor: Arthur Blair (creator of the game 'Black Quest').

• Citizenship Studies
  A new journal, published by Carfax Publishing, and edited by Bryan S. Turner. It will publish internationally recognized scholarly work on contemporary issues in citizenship, human rights and democratic processes from an interdisciplinary perspective covering the fields of politics, sociology, history, philosophy and cultural studies. Upcoming special issues include Islam and Women, International Relations, Feminist Theory and Rights, and Cities and Citizenship.

• FIRST — Facts on International Relations and Security Trends
  A free service voor politicians, journalists, researchers and the interested public. It is a jount project of the International Relations and Security Network (ISN) and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). The database contains documented information from research institutes around the world.

• Foundations of Political Theory
  Organized Section of the American Political Association (APSA). The site includes links to online texts of political philosophy, courses in political science, and theorists.

• Government, Law and Society
  Resources from the English Server, Includes classical resources (Machiavelli, Hobbes, Mill) and modern themes (Foucault, Habermas). Also links to documents on (inter)natinal conflicts and liberation movements.

• Government Resources on the Web - University of Michigan Libraries Documents Center.
  A comprehensive coverage of international, national, state, and statistical governmental information. Includes a "Documents in the News" to inform you on new government actions and web sources related to them.

• H-Net Discussion Network
  A listing of discussion lists on topics related to politics and political science. H-Net is an international interdisciplinary organization of scholars and teachers dedicated to explore and develop the educational potential of the internet. The computing heart of the H-Net resides at Matrix, The Center for Humane Arts, Letters, and Social Sciences (Michigan State University).

• ¡Ya Basta! - Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN)
  The Zapatista rebels in the Chiapas region of southern Mexico use Web sites and newsgroups to call for support for their struggle for land reform. Jose Angel Gurria (Mexico's Foreign Minister) acknowledged that the government had been forced into half-hearted negotiations with the insurgents only because of the power of local and global public opinion mobilised by the Net. The EZLN site was put together in order to provide reliable information on the Zapatista uprising and serve as a mouthpiece for the Zapatistas in cyberspace. Many people from Mexico and elsewhere have used it as a resource. Includes a list of Zapatita solidarity sites. More info in the The Zapatistas and the Electronic Fabric of Struggl by Harry Cleaver (University of Texas at Austin, USA).

• Machiavelli, Nicolo [1515]
  The Prince [english server] | [Constitution Society]
  Translated by W. K. Mariott.

• Online Resource Guide to Political Inquiry
  A research tool for students, academic researchers and the general public. The site aims to serve as a springboard for inquiry into a range of political issues. The main focus at present are 23 sets of links that have been divided by institutional and issue-based theme. They are supplemented periodically by sets of links on specific themes. Editor: Michael Dartnell (Centre for International and Security Studies and Department of Political Science, York University, Ontario, Canada).

• Political Game Theory
  Games that abstract the “essence” of various forms of political interaction. Editor: Geoff Wong (Department of Computer Science, RMIT University Melbourne, Australia).

• Political Resources on the Net
  Listings of political sites available on the Internet sorted by country, with links to Parties, Organizations, Governments, Media and more from all around the world. Presented by: Agorà Telematica. Editor: Roberto Cicciomessere.

• Political Science Research and Teaching Discussion List - PSRT-L
  A moderated discussion list on the internet which deals with issues of interest to professional political scientists, both researchers and teachers. Submissions from all subfields of political science as well as related disciplines are encouraged.

• Political Science Resources - Richard Kimber (University of Keel, UK).
  A gateway to most significant sources relevant to political science: Official Government web sources; Information about Governments; Constitutions, Treaties and Official Declarations; Elections and Electoral Systems; Political Parties, Interest Groups and other political movements; Political Thought, Area Studies, Local and Regional Government; International Relations; Collections of Social, Economic and other data; Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers; Bibliographic Tools; and other politics servers.

• Political Science Resources - Dan Tsang (University of California, Irvine, USA)
  Includes, general, reference, elections, california state government, US and Canadian politics and parties, data sources, public policy, and more.

• Political Science Resources on the Web - University of Michigan, Documents Center
  A large and well structured guide on political science. The site includes a Documentation Center, a central reference and referral point for government information (local, state, federal, foreign and international).

• Political Science Resources on the Web
  Presented by the Political Science Department of the Trinity College.

• Political Scientist's Virtual Library
  Links to Departments of Political Science and Government, Libraries, Journals and Collections of Papers, Research Institutions, Non-Profit Organizations and Government Agencies, Some FTP Servers, News Groups, ListServs, and Related Fields.

• Politikon
  A Brazilian contribution by Alvaro Bianchi (Political Science at Universidade Metodista de São Paulo). The site contains information on his research work: political theory, contemporary political process, and political and economy.

• Ponsioen, Arnout (Utrecht, Netherlands)
  www.gurrilla.mx
  A Dutch study on the electronic struggle of the Zapatistas in Mexico.

• Russian Newsroom
  Daily updated resrouce of Russian news in English. Featuring: Russia against terror, Russian military analysis, political plots of the week, russian elections. Maintained by WPS Russian Media Monitoring Agency.

• Socialism - Communism (SocioSite)

• WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs
  Over 2400 carefully selected and annotated links in 37 international affairs categories. Edited and maintained by Wayne A. Selcher (Dept. of Politica Science, Elizabethtown College, USA).

TeleDemocracy

• Benschop, Albert (Univ. of Amsterdam, Netherlands) TeleDemocratie
  Article on the possibilities and limits of teledemocracy.

• Barbrook, Richard
  Electronic Democracy - Politics in Cyberspace
  We know that technology cannot cure political or social problems by itself, but that it can be used to reinforce human solutions. "Back in the late-eighteenth century, republican philosophers called for the creation of an informed citizenry who would possess the knowledge needed to make those political decisions affecting their own lives. Maybe, as we enter the twenty-first century, the Net will help to realise this democratic ideal for the first time." Barbrook argues that despite its limitations, the Net can still improve the dissemination of political information and improve the accountability of elected representatives.

• Basic Readings in U.S. Democracy
  A great collection of the highlights of American democracy. The readings are primarily excerpts from original documents: from the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the US, the Seneca Falls Declaration, to the Unived States v. Nixon and excerpts from Presidential Debates.

• The Bell
  A newsletter on internet voting and collaborative decision-making.

• California Internet Voting Task Force [2000]
  A Report on the Feasibility of Internet Voting
  A study on the feasibility of usering the internet to conduct elections in California. Experts in the field of data security, elections and voter participation were asked to contribute in the development of this report.

• Clift, Steven
  Democracy is Online
  Cober article for the OnTheInternet magazine from the Internet Society. Steven's site contains a lot more original material on cyberdemocracy.

• Democràcia Electrònica (Barcelona, Spain)
  A Spanish project on electronic democracy.

• Democracy Online
  Promoting the development and sustainability of online civic participation and democracy efforts around the world through experience, outreach, and education. The goal is to build a strong foundation for improving democracy as democracies around the world converge with information networks. The project's secretariat is housed by the Center for Democracy and Citizenship at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, USA.

• EFF - The Electronic Frontier Foundation
  The EFF is fighting to protect civil liberties in the digital society. EFF was founded in 1990 and is based in San Francisco, California, with a satellite office in Washington, DC.

• European Parliamentarians Internet Group (E-PING!)

• International Teledemocracy Centre (ITC)
  The ITC — an initiative of the Napier University and BT Scotland — develops and applies advanced information and communication technology to enhance and support the democratic decision-making process. ITC demonstrates how technology can contribute to more openness and accessibility in government. On the site you will find a great collection of publications on teledomocratic issues.

• Instituut voor Publiek en Politiek (IPP)
  Interactief Beleid
  Introduction into TeleDemocracy (Dutch only)

• Ito, Joichi [2003]
  Emergent Democracy

• Jager, Wiebe de
  The Evolution of Democracy
  A Ph. D research program on democracy as a complex system.

• Jankowski, Nick / Leeuwis, Cees /Martin, Peter / Noordhof, Margreet / Rossum, Jeffrey van [June 1997] (University of Nijmegen, Netherlands)
  Teledemocracy in the Province
  An experiment with Internet-based software and public debate.

• London, Scott (april, 1995)
  Teledemocracy vs. Deliberative Democracy: A Comparative Look at Two Models of Public Talk
  Journal of Internersonal Computing and Technology, 3(2): 33-55.

• Minnesota e-democracy

• Pels - Platform elektronisch stemmen
  A Dutch site on e-voting issues that contains some interesting articles on e-democracy.

• Poster, Mark [1995] (Univ. of California, Irvine, USA)
  CyberDemocracy: Internet and the Public Sphere

• QuickLinks - Electronic democracy

• Rilling, Reiner
  Politische Netzkommunikation und Entscheidung
  Article on political communication and decision on the Internet.

• Schoenmakers, Berry [2000]
  Fully Auditable Electronic Secret-Ballot elections [pdf]
  Since the presidential elections in 1999 in het USA we know that counting a bunch of votes can be a tantalizing job. Electronic voting seems to make the counting of the voice a lot easier. How hard can it be to build an internet-based system which enables people to vote conveniently from their PC's, WAP phones, or other personal devices. However, if one wants to address ballot secrecy in a serious way the challenge is to guarantee vorters' privacy and cocrectness of the election result at the same time. How special-purpose cryptographic protocols help to achieve this goal is skillfully demonstrated in this paper.

• TAN+N - Teledemocracy Action News + Network
  The site of the Global Democracy Movement is dedicated to the creative use of ICT and face-to-face deliberative techniques in all forms that directly empower citizens to have authentic input into political systems at all levels of governance around the world. TAN+N also cover other genuine pro-democratic movements, including those which promote direct democracy and those which struggle to gain, retain or transform representive democracy in the face of authoritarian or elitist power or from corrupting financial influences. The site contains a directory of all the projects and organizations that are part of the network, and

• TeleDemocracy Center
  Organization For Community Networks (OFCN)

• Thornton, Alinta (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia)
  Does the Internet Create Democracy?
  A thesis on whether internet creates or contributes to democracy. It related the US internet and democracy debate to American communications theory (starting with Howard Rheingold). Some European theory is explored (including Habermas). She discusses whether the net really will create democracy in practice. The conclusion is that the Internet has the capacity to expand participative democracy in a revitalised public sphere, but an explosion of direct participatory democracy is highly unlikely to eventuate. The real opportunity for greater participation, democratic communication and a true revitalisation of the public sphere depends on the expansions of the Internet into middle-income groups, lower-income groups and women.

Conflict and Conflict Resolution

• African Centre for Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD)
  Accord's mission is to train and educate people in new and innovative ways of resolving conflict, and to create forums and institutions for the expression of skills. The training and research programmes extend from community conflict resolution to international preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping.

• Canadian Institute of International Affairs (CIIA)
  A platform for discussion, analysis and debate of international affairs. And some excellent links.

• Center for Conflict Resolution (CCR) - Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, UK.
  Research into international and local community conflict, peacekeeping and into the history of peace thinking and peace making. A foces has been placed on increasing understanding of how the various agencies of the international community can cooperate in order to improve opportunities for effective conflict resolution in situations of major armed conflicts, which have such a devastating impact on civilian populations.

• Conflict resolution consortium - Colorado, USA
  Research program about riscs, conflicts, negotiations and sanctions. Lots of information about crisis and conflict management.

• Conflict Resolution Resource Center (CRRC)
  Provides an international databate of conflict resolution, articles and resources, events and organizations and a list of conflict resolution jobs.

• Conflict Resolution, and Mediation
  Abstracts and ordering information for studies in Conflict Resolution and Mediation. From: Pew Case Studies in International Affairs, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University.

• Country Indicators for Foreign Policy (CIFP)
  Statistical information conveying the key features of the economic, politicial, social and cultural environments of countries around the world. The database can be queried by region, by issue area, by regional and global organization, and through the Quick Qery page. Don't forget to registaer first. The CIFP project is initiated by the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade and Norman Paterson School of International Affairs.

• European Platform for Conflict Prevention (ECCP)
  A network of European non-governmental organisations involved in the prevention and/or resolution of violent conflicts in the international arena. It wants to facilitate the exchange of information and experience among participating organisations. The ECCP was founded in 1997 and in April 2006 it moved to The Hague. It looks to establish stronger ties with municipal efforts in the conflict prevention and peace building area, including with The Hague itself. The site contains a huge amount of information: country surveys, thematic essays, a newsletter, reports etc.

• INCORE
  The Initiative on Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity, a joint initiative of the University of Ulster and the United Nations University, is a central resource on the internet for conflict resolution and ethnic conflict. Contains resources on conflict resolution and ethnic conflict for academic researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. Includes the Conflict Data Service and Ethnic Conflict Research Digest.

• Mediation Information and Resource Center (MIRC) - Information and resources on conflict resolution.

• Program on Non-Violent Sanctions and Cultural Survival (PONSACS)
  The Harvard Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival is a research program within the University’s Center for International Affairs. The research looks at situations of acute conflict in order to better understand the capabilities of nonviolent struggle in support of the human rights & civil liberties. Case studies complement the computer-assisted monitoring of emerging conflicts, with an emphasis on identifying conflicts before they erupt into violence. Includes a series of seminars (with synopses of the presentations), information on research, events, publications, and application procedures.

• University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC)
  A multi-campus research unit of nine UC campuses plus the Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos national Laboratories, now offers system-wide information and publications. IGCC's system-wide structure enables it to draw from an large pool of specialists on virtually any topic. Research agenda includes: arms control & proliferation, regional relations, international environmental policy, international relations theory, and the domestic sources of foreign policy. One of the largest sources of dissertation and fellowship support on international studies in the country. Location: UC San Diego's La Jolla campus.

War and Peace: Strategic Studies, Security, International Relations and Politics

• Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS)
  Provides links to a variety of organizations, publications, and institutions that are categorized by topic: Diplomacy, International Peace and Security; Disarmament & Non-proliferation; Human Rights; International Law; UN and Research Links; Nongovernmental Organizations; and more.

• Anti-Oorlogsmuseum
  A Dutch-Belgian anti-war museum. It wants to show us that war has become unacceptable in these days. An initiative of many cooperating peace organizations. Editor: Chris Geerse

• Army Area Handbook

• Arms Control Association
  A national nonpartisan membership organization dedicated to promoting public understanding of and support for effective arms control policies, with fact sheets, background papers, full-text documents, arms control briefings, and Arms Control Today.

• Arms Sales Monitoring Project (ASMP)
  The American Federation of Scientists Fund focusses on U.S. government policy on arms sales and conventional weapons proliferation. It tries to restraint in global production and trade of weapons. The newsletter, Arms Sales Monitor of the Federation of American Scientists (AFS) reports on and analyzes U.S. government policies on conventional arms exports and military assistance.

• Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC)
  A worldwide clearinghouse on practical conversion experiences and projects. BICC is an independent non-profit organization that supports and promotes the process by which people, skills, technology, equipment, financial and economic resources are shifted from the military or the defense sector towards alternative, civilian purposes.

• Books On-line: Military Science and Naval Science

• British American Security Information Council
  (BASIC)An independent research organization thatÊanalyzes government policies in defense, disarmament, military strategy, and nuclear issues.

• Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
  The Published by the not-for-profit Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, and reporting on international security, military affairs, and nuclear issues. The site includes the famous Doomsday Clock (a design that conveys how close we are to destroying our civilization with dangerous technologies of our own making), the Natural Resources Defense Council Nuclear Notebook (facts and figures on the world’s nuclear arsenals) and other infomation about international security and nuclear issues.

• Canadian Army Lessons Learned Centre (CALLC)
  The ALLC collects and analyses Canadian and Allied operational and training experiences foor dissemination as lessons learned.

• Canadian Peace Support Operations Training (PSTC)
  The centre prepares Canadian Forces personnel for deployment anywhere in the world for peace support operation.

• Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies (CISS)

• Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict (CCPDC)
  Addresses the looming threat to world peace of intergroup violence and advances new ideas for the prevention and resolution of deadly conflict. It has a membership of eminent international leaders and scholars with long experience in conflict prevention and resolution. The Commission has examined the principal causes of deadly ethnic, nationalist, and religious conflicts within and between states and the circumstances that foster or deter their outbreak. Taking a long-term, worldwide view of violent conflicts that are likely to emerge, it seeks to determine the functional requirements of an effective system for preventing mass violence and to identify the ways in which such a system could be implemented. It looks at the strengths and weaknesses of various international entities in conflict prevention and considers ways in which international organizations might contribute toward developing an effective international system of nonviolent problem solving. CCPDC has published numerous excellent reports online, including their December 1997 Final Report, as well as links and a discussion forum.

• Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
  One of the oldest international Thunk tank in the USA.

• Centre for Military and Strategic Studies (CMSS) - University of Calgary, Canada
  A Strategic Studies Program. Designed to provide academics, students, researchers, government officials and the general public with a research tool in the areas of Strategic Studies, Security, International Relations and Politics.

• Clausewitz, Carl von [1780-1831]
  Clausewitz.com
  The Prussian military thinker Carl von Clausewitz is one of the most important classical strategic theorists. Here you can read his famous work On War [1932] in English and German. It includes an introduction by Christopher Bassford (National War College).

• Conflict Information Consortium - University of Colorado at Boulder, USA.

• Department of Intelligence (DOI)
  The DOI aims to analyse the world’s issues and to constitute a high-quality team to help political or military leaders to make decisions or take actions. The International Center for Intelligence Studies (ICIS) is dedicated to the studies about intelligence.

• Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO)
  A very large page with links to just about everything military. Great section on Foreign (non-US) military sites. Created by the Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA. FMSO provides direct support to the senior U.S. Army and Department of Defense leadership and general support to the U.S. Army Combined Arms Center. FMSO's three major areas of concentration are geo-strategy, operational art and tactics, and operations other than war, including "grey-area" phenomena. It's mission is to research, write, lecture and publish from unclassified sources, in both English and original languages, about the military establishments, doctrine and operational and tactical practices of selected foreign armed forces and about a variety of transnational security issues affecting the U.S. military.

• Gandhi
  “Nonviolence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.” Editor: Lesslie Williams.

• Gandhi, Mahatma
  The official Mahatma Gandhi eArchive.

• Gandhi, Institute
  The M.K. Gandhi Institute for nonviolence promotes and applies the principles of nonviolence.

• Gandhi Serve Foundation
  Provided by the charitable GandhiServer Foundation, Berlin (Germany). The site presents an impressive image archive of Mahatma Gandhi and India’s independence movement. In the ‘writings online’ section you should find all the writing of and on Ghandi on the internet.

• Global Firepower (GPF)
  An analytical display of data concerning today’s world militar powers. It compares the relative military strengths of sixty-eight countries (nuclear capability is not taken into acount). The GPF ranking is based strictly on each nation’s potential conventional war-making capabilities across land, sea and aire while incorporating values related tot logistical, financial and geographical positions.

• International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA)
  An inclusive network open to individuals, non-governmental organizations, community groupings and professional associations, which promote and respect human rights and support the aims, policy objectives and overall program of action of the network. The site contains a mission statement; campaign material; a list of participants; a calendar of events and the latest news; a document library with a substantial amount of information dealing with small arms and light weapens; and some links. “Small arms are the tools of death used by soldiers and civilians alike. They fuel and increase the lethality of conflicts; they are used in an indiscriminate manner to kill civilians of all ages, colors and persuasions; they are used to intimidate citizens and communities all over the world; they are the most lethal and frightening tools to express violence at home. The proliferation and unlawful use of small arms is one of the most serious humanitarian challenges for the next millennium.” IANSA has been created to facilitate NGO action aimed at enhancing human security by preventing the proliferation and misuse of small arms. In so doing it will advance action to stem the supply of, and reduce the demand for, small arms.

• International Affairs Resources (IAN) - WWW Virtual Library
  Resources on International Affairs, Foreign Policy, and Peacekeeping. The resources are structured by type, by source, and by topic. Editor: Wayne A. Selcher (Dept. of Political Science, Elizabethtown College, USA)

• International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms (IALANA)
  Updates and relevant documentation about the effort of this NGO to achieve the abolition of nuclear weapons through legal methods.

• International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL)
  Information on the landmines problem, visual examples of the indiscriminate destruction they cause, and how to solve the problem, and information on the campaign to ban landmines. "Landmines are now a daily threat in Afghanistan, Angola, Bosnia, Cambodia, Chechnya, Croatia, Iraq, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Somalia, and dozens of other countries.Ê Mines recognize no cease-fire and long after the fighting has stopped they continue to maim or kill.Ê Mines also render large tracts of agricultural land unusable, wreaking environmental and economic devastation.Ê Refugees returning to their war-ravaged countries face this life-threatening obstacle to rebuilding their lives."

• International Relations and Security Network (ISN)
  A daily updated electronic clearinghouse for resources in the field of security and defense studies, peace and conflict research, and international relations. The service is organized in a subject and a regional listing, contains a current issues page and links to related research institutions. Maintained by the Center for Security Studies and Conflict Research at the ETH Zurich, in conjunction with the Euro-Atlantic Foundation, Brussels, and EINIRAS. Supported by the Swiss Government.

• International Security Policy and Military Affairs: Information Sources - Lehman Library, Columbia University.
  A selective guide to library materials and Internet resources on international security policy and military affairs.

• Koninklijk Instituut voor de Marine (KIM)
  The Royal Institute of the Navy in the Netherlands.

• Koninklijke Militaire Academy (KMA)
  The Royal Military Academy in the Netherlands.

• Military Education Research Library Network (MERLN)
  A site of military education libraries cooperation in collecting, organizing and sharing educational resources.

• Missile Threats & Responses resource base - Centre for Defence & International Security Studies, Lancaster University
  Contains an extensive body of information on missile technology and missile defences.

• National Defense University - U.S.A.

• North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
  NATO Defense College: Research Aids and Resources

• Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’

• Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
  The largest regional security organization in the world with 55 participating states from Europe, Central Asia and North America.

• Paix et sécurité internationales (PSI)
  ISP is a university research center bringing together experts who are inrested in several dimensions of international security, peachkeeping and military interventions.

• Peace, Conflict Resolution, and International Security - WWW Virtual Library
  International Affairs Network (IAN) Web Resources. Editor: Wayne A. Selcher.

• PeaceNet
  A gateway to the progressive community onliny provides information and work for positive social change in the areas of peace, social and economic justice, human rights and the struggle against racism.

• Pearson Peacekeeping Centre

• Project on Defence Alternatives (PDA)
  Analysis of military affairs and policy in the light of post-cold war conditions. The project offers original analysis a well as worldwide military links and several issue pages with links to hundreds of full-text resources on military strategy, military transformation, terrorism, the Chinese military, and the Afghanistan was. It is a project of the Commonwealth Institute, a non-governmental public policy research organization located in Cambridge, Masschusetts, USA.

• Répertoir PSI - Paix et Sécurité Internationales
  An annotated listing of sites on peace and international security, international and human rights.

• Society for Military History
  Includes an interesting link page on military history.

• SIPRI
  Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. An independent international institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially those of arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966 to commemorate Sweden's 150 years of unbroken peace, financed mainly by the Swedish Parliament. The site provides global, regional, and country data on arms transfers and on wolrd military spending. It also provides a selection of documents related to multilateral arms transfers, a section on its Peacekeeping and Regional Security project and its work on European Security.

• Spotlight on Military News
  Canadian Forces College (range of Canadian and International media sources).

• Strategic Studies Institute - US Army War College, Carlisle Barracks
  The site includes a Peackeeping Blbliography compiled by Virginia Shope.

• and the Web, The -U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, USA.
  A downloadable assessment of and links to over 120 Internet sites dealing with world politics, national security policy, and military strategy.

• Sun Tzu
  Art of War
  The oldest military treatise in the world. Translated from the Chinese by Lionel Giles, M.A. (1910). You can also download the same text with commentary: Gutenberg text. The site Sonshi.com provides personal and interactive support for the Art of War. It reveals how its strategies can be transferred to everyday life.

• Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society (SPAS)
  The world's oldest and Scandinavia's largest peace organization. SPAS has about 7 000 individual members and some 40 local groups in Sweden. The organization is independent from the state and has no political or religious ties. SPAS's major aims are to ease tensions, speed up disarmament, forward the transference of military resources to development and support democratization.

• Thucydides
  The Peloponnesian War
  Translation: Richard Crawley. See also the Sources for Thucydides presented by Terseus Tufts.

• United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)
  An autonomous institution within the framework of the United Nations established by the General Assembly for the purpose of undertaking independent research on disarmament and related issues.

• United States Air Force Academy

• United States Institute of Peace (USIP)
  Promotes education and training, research, and public information programs on means to promote international peace & resolve international conflicts without violence. Their site contains USIP general info, as well as information on research in progress & abstracts, list of free publications.

• United States Military Academy at West Point
  The most famous military academy in the US, where the generals of the future are educated.

• United States Naval Academy (USNA)

• War & Peace
  War & Peace Foundation (New York, USA). Reports, updates, comment and book reviews on disarmament, nuclear issues, US & international politics. Provides: Mission Statement of the War & Peace Foundation, NGO Nuclear Abolition Caucus statement, The War & Peace Digest. Information that should help hasten an end to militarism, war and the causes of war.

CyberWar

• Adams, Gordon / Ben-Ari, Guy [2006]
  Transforming European Militaries: Coalition Operations and the Technology Gap
  Oxon: Routledge.

• Adams, James [2001]
  Virtual Defense
  In: Foreign Affairs, May/June 2001, pp. 98-112.

• Alexander, Keith B.
  • [2006] Optional Lethality: Evolving Attitudes towards Nonlethal Weaponry
    In: Harvard International Review, 7 May 2006.

  • [2007] Warfighting in Cyberspace
    In: JFQ, 46(3):58-61.

  • [2012] Statement of General Keith B. Alexander, Commander United Stated Cyber Command before the Senate Committee on Armed Services
    In: Airforce Magazine, 27.3.2012

• Alford, Lionel D. [2010]
  Cyber Warfare: The Threat to Weapon Systems
  In: The WSTIAC Quarterly, 9(4).

• Allen, Patrick D. / Demchak, Chris C. [2003]
  The Palestinian-Israel: cyberwar

• Arkin, William [2001]
  The other Kosovo war
  In: MSNBC News, 29 aug. 2001.

• Arquilla, John J. [2001]
  The Great Cyberwar of 2002
  In: Wired.

• Arquilla, John J. / Ronfeldt, David F.
  • [1993] Cyberwar and Netwar. New Modes, Old Concepts, of Conflict
    In: Comparative Strategy 12: 141-65.

  • (eds.) [1997] In Athena's Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age

  • [2000] Swarming and the Future Conflict

  • (eds.) [2001] Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy

• Ball, Desmond [2011]
  China’s Cyber Warfare Capabilities
  In: Security Challenges, 7(2): 81-103.

• Benschop, Albert (University of Amsterdam)
  • Oorlog in Cyberspace: Internet als slagveld
    Analysis of the conditions, forms and effects of a warfare on the internet. Cyberware is typified as a weapon of the weak.

  • Doomsdag in Cyberspace: Een hypothetische constructie

• Blank, Stephen [2001]
  Can Information Warfare be Deterred?
  In: Alberts/Papp 2001:125-157.

• Blunden, Bill [2010]
  Manufactured Consent and Cyberwar
  Lockdown 2010 - Conference Proceedings.

• Boer, Linanne / Lodder, Arno R. [2012]
  Cyberwar: What Law to Apply? And to Whom?
  In: Leukfeldt/Stol (eds.) Cyber Safety: An Introduction. Eleven Publishing.

• Brewin, Bob [1999]
  Kosovo ushered in cyberwar
  In: FCW.com.

• Brito, Jerry / Watkins, Tate [2012]
  Loving the Cyber Bomb? The Dangers of Threat Inflation in Cybersecurity Policy
  In: Harvard Law School National Security Journal, 10.04.2012.

• Busse, Nikolas [2007]
  Krieg im Cyberspace
  In: Frankfurter Allgemeine, 22.11.07

• Campen, Alan / Dearth, Douglas / Goodden, R.T. (eds.) [1996]
  Cyberwar: Security, Strategy and Conflict in the Information Age.
  Fairfax, VA: AFCEA International Press.

• Carr, Jeffrey
  • [2010] Inside Cyber Warfare: Mapping the Cyber Underworld
    Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly.
  • [2011a] What Is Cyberwar?
    In: Slate, 12.08.2011.
  • [2011b] Clausewitz and Cyber War
    In: Digital Dao, 23.10.2011.

• CBS News [2010]
  Cyber War: Sabotaging the System
  CBS - 60 Minutes, 15.6.2010

• Cezge, Huba Wass de [2010]
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• Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) - Stanford

• Charney, Scott [2010]
  Rethinking Cyber Threat - A Framework and Path Forward

• Church, William [1997]
  Information Warfare Threat Analysis for the United States of America. Part Two: How Many Terrorists Fit on a Computer Keyboard?
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• Cohen, F. [1997]
  Information System Attacks: A Preliminary Classification Scheme
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• Creveld, Martin L. van
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• Crosston, Matthew D. [2011]
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• Dacey, Robert [2001]
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• Defense Science Board (DSB) [2013]
  Resilient Military Systems and the Advanced Cyber Threat
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• Demchak, Chris C. [2011]
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• Derian, James Der [1994]
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• Ellis, Bryan W. [2001]
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• Ford, Christopher A. [2010]
  The Trouble with Cyber Arms Control
  In: The New Atlantis, 29: 52-47.

• Fulghum, David A.
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    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 03.10.2007.
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    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 09.10.2007.
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    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 21.11.2007
  • [2009] Cyberwar is Official
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 14.09.2009
  • [2011a] Expect More Funding for Electronic Warfare Revitalization
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 21.04.2011.
  • [2011b] Cyber-Recruiters Looking For Cross-Trained Specialists
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 21.04.2011.
  • [2011c] The Worm has Returned
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 27.04.2011
  • [2011d] Cyber Rules Not Likely Anytime Soon
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 13.06.2011
  • [2011e] Cyber-rules Are for Fools
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 24.06.2011
  • [2011f] Finally, Rules For A Cyber-Fight
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 12.08.2011
  • [2011g] Chinese Television Clip Reveals Cyberattack On U.S.
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 24.08.2011
  • [2011h] Secrecy, Shame and Lack of Policy Hinder Japan’s Cyber-defenses
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 26.10.2011
  • [2011i] What’s New in Cyber-Dirty Tricks
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 26.10.2011
  • [2011j] No Sure Cure for Cyber-angst
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 27.10.2011
  • [2012] Saving Money is Key to Future Electronic Warfare
    In: Aviation Week & Space Technology, 9.1.2012

• Gray, Chris Hables [1997]
  Postmodern War: The New Politics of Conflict | pdf
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• Greenberg, Lawrence, T. / Goodman, Seymour E. / Soo Hoo, Kevin J. [2001]
  Information Warfare and International Law

• Haddick, Robert [2011]
  This Week at War: Lessons from Cyberwar I
  In: Foreign Policy, 28.2.11.

• Harknett, Richard J. [1996]
  Information Warfare & Deterrence
  In: Parameters, 26(3)

• Herzog, Stephen [2011]
  Revisiting the Estonian Cyber Attacks: Digital Threats and Multinational Responses
  In: Journal of Strategic Security 4(2):49-60.

• Hollis, David M. [2011]
  Cyberwar Case Study: Georgia
  In: Small Wars Journal, 06.01.2011

• Infowar.com

• Institute for the Anvanced Study of Information Warfare (IASIW)

• Intelligence Online

• Jones, Andy / Kovacich, Gerald L. / Luzwick, Perry G. [2000]
  Global Information Warfare
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• Kopp, Carlo
  Fundamentals of Information Warfare
  In: NCW 101 Part 14, Defence Today, pp. 71-73.

• Krekel, Bryan [2009]
  Capability of the People’s Republic of China to Conduct Cyber Warfare and Cyber Network Exploitation
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• Krepinevich, Andrew [2012]
  Cyber Warefae: A “Nuclear Option”?
  In: CSBA (Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment)

• Ladurner, U. / Pham, K. [2010]
  Iran im Krieg 2.0
  In: Die Zeit, 40:12.

• Leonhard, Robert [2000]
  The Principles of War for the Information Age

• Lewis, James Andrew
  • [2006] The War on Hype
    In: San Francisco Chronicle, 19.2.2006.
  • [2009] The ‘Korean’ Cyber Attacks and Their Implications for Cyber Conflict
    Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 23.10.2009.
  • [2010] The Cyber War Has Not Gegun
    In: Center for Strategic & International Studies, 11.4.2010.

• Liang, Qiao / Xiangsui, Wang [1999]
  Unrestricted Warfare
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• Libicki, Martin C.
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    In: Strategic Studies Quarterly 5(1).
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• Liff, Adam P. [2012]
  Cyberwar: A New ‘Absolute Weapon’? The Proliferation of Cyberwarfare Capabilities and Interstate War
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• Lintner, Bertil [2007]
  North Korea’s IT Revolution
  In: Asian Timens, 24.4.2007

• Lucas, George, R. [2012]
  Just War & Cyberconflict, part 1 [28:56] - part 2 [10:25] - part 3 [1:52]
  Stutt Lecture at the U.S. Naval Academy.

• Lynn, William J.
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• Lynn, William J. / Nicolas Thompson [2010]
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• Markoff, John [2009]
  Old Trick Threatens the Newest Weapons
  In: New York Times, 26.10.2009

• Markoff, John / Barboza, David [2010]
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• Markoff, John / Kramer, Andrew E. [2009]
  US and Russia Differ on a Treaty for Cyberspace
  In: New York Times, 27 June 2009

• Millar, Paul D. / Zenko, Micah / Cohen, Michael A. [2012]
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• Mills, Elinor [2010]
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• Molander, Roger C. et al. [1998]
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  Report on the consequences of the information revolution on strategic warfare.

• Morozov, Evgeny
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  • [2008b] Russia/Georgia: War of the Web
    In: Open Democracy, 13.10.2008
  • [2008c] An Army of Ones and Zeroes
    In: Slate, 14.10.2009.
  • [2008d] Citizen war-reporter? The Caucasus test
    In: Open Democracy, 18.10.2008.
  • [2008e] Marching off to cyberwar
    In: The Economist, 4.12.2008.
  • [2009a] 10 easy steps to writing the scariest cyberwarfare article ever
    In: Foreign Policy, 11.4.2009.
  • [2009b] Cyber-Scare: The exaggerated fears over digital warfare
    In: Boston Review, July/August 2009.
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    In: New York Times, 16.7.2009.
  • [2009d] The Cyber-Attack that Wasn’t
    In: Boston Review, 13.6.2009.
  • [2009e] A cyber-warfare mystery: Ghost in the Machine
    In: The Economist, 9.7.2009.
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    In: Wall Street Journal, 8.5.2010.
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• Mueller, John / Friedman, Benjamin [2012]
  The Cyberskeptics
  In: CATO Institute, 3.1.2012

• National Infrastructure Protection Center [NIPC]
  Een Amerikaans centrum voor het opsporen en beoordelen van en reageren op onwettige handelingen die te maken hebben met informatietechnologieën welke de vitale infrastructuren bedreigen.

• National Research Council [NRC]
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• NATO
  • NATO and cyber defense
  • [02.02.2010] Cyber attacks: hype or an increasing headache for open societies? - Jamie Shea
  • [19.11.2010] Active Engagement, Modern Defence
    Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation adopted by Heads of State and Government in Lisbon.
  • [20.11.2010] Lisbon Summit Declaration
  • [13.03.2012] NATO Rapid Reaction Team to fight cyber attack
  • [2013] Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare

• New York Times, The
  Cyberwar - Series

• Neilson, Robert E. (ed.) [1997]
  Sun Tzu and Information Warfare
  Washington, DC: National Defese University Press.

• O’Connel, Mary Ellen [2012]
  Cyber Security without Cyber War
  In: Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 17(2): 187–209.

• Osawa, Jun [2011]
  Japan Faces New Cyberwar Era
  In: IIPS, Institute for International Policy Studies (29.01.2012).

• Paganini, Pierluigi [2012]
  Japan institutions victim of cyber espionage, is it cyber warfare?
  In: Security Affairs, 26.06.2012

• PCCIP (President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection) [1997]
  Critical Foundations: Protecting America’s Infrastructures

• Prince, Brian [2009]
  Cyber-attacks on Georgia Show Need for International Cooperation, Report States
  In: Week.com, 18.08.2009

• Pufeng, Wang [1995]
  The Challenge of Information Warfare
  In: China Military Science Journal, Spring 1995.

• Ranito, Jovana Jezdimirovic [2011]
  Politics by other means — netwar for Kosovo
  In: Transconflict, 7.12.2011

• Ranum, Markus J.
  • [02.09.2011] Cyberwar: The Pentagon Cyberstrategy
    In: Fabius Maximus.
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    In: Fabius Maximus.
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    In: Fabius Maximus.
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  • [10.08.2012] Parsing Cyberwar - Part 2: The Logistical Train
  • [13.08.2012] Parsing Cyberwar - Part 3: Synergies and Interference
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  • [20.08.2012] Parsing Cyberwar - Part 4: The Best Defense is A Good Defense
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• Rattray, Gregory J. [2001]
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  Cambridge, MAL MIT Press.

• Ravi, Dan / Melman, Yossi [2012]
  Spies Against Armageddon: Inside Israel’s Secret Wars
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• Richter, Walter E. [2009]
  The Future of Information Operations
  In: Military Review, January- February 2009, pp. 103-113.

• Rid, Thomas
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    In: Journal of Strategic Studies, 25(1):5-32.
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    In: Foreign Policy, March/April 2012.
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    London: Hurst.

• Ronfeldt, David / Arguilla, John / Fuller, Graham E. / Fuller, Melissa [1999]
  The Zapatista “Social Netwar” in Mexico

• Ruus, Kertu [2008]
  Cyber War I: Estonia Attacked from Russia
  In: European Affairs 9

• Ryan, Patrick S. [2004]
  War, Peace, or Stalemate: Wargames, Wardialing, Wardriving, and the Emerging Market for Hacker Ethics
  In: Virginia Journal of Law & Technology, 9(7)

• Saalbach, K.
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    Universität Osbabrück, Germany.
  • [2014] Cyberwar: Grundlagen-Geschichte-Methoden

• Sanger, David E.
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    In: The New York Times, 02.06.2012.

• Sanger, David E. / Markoff, John / Shanker, Thom [2009]
  U.S. Steps Up Effort on Digital Defenses
  In: The New York Times, 27.4.2009

• SANS Institute
  • The Twenty Most Critical Internet Security Vulnerabilities
    

  • Twenty Critical Security Controls for Effective Cyber Defense
    

• Scheferman, Scott [2001]
  Trojan Warfare Exposed
  Gepubliceerd door System Administration, Networking, and Security [SANS].

• Schmitt, Michael N.
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    In: Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 37: 885-937.
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    In: Harvard International Law Journal, 54.

• Schneier, Bruce
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    In: Security, July 2008.
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    In: MPR News Q and ITWire, 29.2.2009.
  • [2010a] Threat of ‘cyberwar’ has been hugely hyped
    In: CNN, 7.7.2010.
  • [2010b] It will soon be too late to stop the cyberwars
    In: Financial Times, 2 December 2010.
  • [2010c] It Will Soon Be Too Late to Stop the Cyberwars
    In: Financial Times, 2.12.2.10.
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    In: U.S. News, 8.6.2012.

• Schonfeld, Erick [2009]
  The Evolution Of Click Fraud: Massive Chinese Operation DormRing1 Uncovered
  In: TC, 8.10.09.

• Schreier, Fred [2012]
  On Cyberwarfare
  In: DCAF (Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces).

• Shanker, Thom [2010]
  Cyberwar Nominee Sees Gaps in Law
  In: New York Times, 14 April 2010.

• Smith, George [1998]
  An Electronic Pearl Harbor? Not Likely
  In: Issues, 15(1).

• Smith, Ron / Knight, Scott [2005]
  Applying electronic warfare solutions to network security
  In: Canadian Military Journal 6(3).

• Stein, George J.
  Information War - CyberWar - NetWar

• Stocker, Gerfried /Schöpf (eds.) [1998]
  Information, Macht, Krieg. Ars Electronica 98
  Wien/New York: Springer Verlag.

• Tenet, George J. [2001]
  Statement by the director of the CIA for “Worldwide Threat 2001: National Security in a Changing World.”

• Thomas, Timothy L. (Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS)
  Like Adding Wings to the Tiger: Chinese Information War Theory and Practice

• U.S. Department of Defence [1999]
  An Assessment of International Legal Issues in Information Operations [pdf]

• Waltz, Edward [1998]
  Information Warfare Principles and Operations
  Boston, MA: Artech House.

• Waterman, Shaun [2007
  Analysis: Who cyber smacked Estonia
  In: UPI.com, 11.07.3007

• Waxman, Matthew C. [2011]
  Cyber-Attacks and the Use of Force
  In: Yale Journal of International Law, 36(2):421–59.

• Werber, Niels [1998]
  Der Krieg hat schon begonnen - und jeder kann mitmachen

• Werner, Kathrin [2010]
  Siemens zieht in den Cyberkrieg
  In: Financial Times Deutschland, 21.12.2010.

• Wikipedia
  Cyberwarfare | Information warfare| Cyberattacks on Estonia | Cyberwarfare in Russia

• YouTube
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• Ziolkowski, Katherina J. [2010]
  Computer Network Operations and the Law of Armed Conflict
  In: The Military Law and the Law of War Review, 49(1-2): 47-90.

CyberTerrorism

• 10 Downing Street
  Responsibility for the terrorist atrocities in the United States, 11 September 2001
  Declaration of the British government on the responsibilities for the terrorist atrocities in the United States on 11 September 2001.

• Ackerman, Spencer
  • How to Beat Terrorism: Refuse to Be Terrorized
    In: Wired, 09.11.11

  • Report: U.S. Muslim Terrorism Was Practically Nil in 2012
    In: Wired, 02.01.13

  • Urban Exploration Helps Terrorism, Counterterrorism Agency Warns
    In: Wired, 03.19.13

  • When, And Why, to Call a Bombing ‘Terrorism’
    In: Wired, 04.16.13

• Attrition.org
  A computer security site dedicated to the collection, dissimination and distribution of information about the industry. The group analyses web defacements and other types of cyberattacks.

• Benschop, Albert (University of Amsterdam)
  • Jihad in the Netherlands: Chronicle of a Political Murder foretold
    A reconstruction of the build-up to and consequences of the murder on Theo van Gogh.

  • CyberTerrorisme: Dodelijk geweld vanaf het toetsenbord
    Analysis of modes and effects of terrorism on the internet. Terror from behind the keyboard, how deadly can it be?

• Anti-Terrorism Coalition (ATC)
  ATC’s Database of Terrorist Websites and eGroups

• Beddle, Paul [2002]
  Al-Qaeda takes fight for ‘hearts and minds’ to the web
  In: Jane’s Intelligence Review, Augustus 2002.

• Campbell, Duncan [2001]
  How the plotters slipped US net
  How Osama bin Laden could escape the intelligence and surveillance services of the NSA.
  In: The Guardian, 27 September 2001.

• Cha, Ariana Eunjung [2004]
  From a Virtual Shadow, Messages of Terror
  In: Washington Post, 2 oktober 2004.

• Causes-of-terrorism.net

• Coleman, Kevin [2003]
  Cyber Terrorism

• Collin, Barry [1997]
  The Future of Cyberterrorism.
  In: Crime and Justice International, March 1997, pp. 15-18.

• Conway, Maura [2002]
  Reality Bytes: Cyberterrorism and Terrorist ‘Use’ of the Internet

• Cybercrime
  Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) of the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice.

• Denning, Dorothy E.
  • [1998] Internet Besieged: Countering Cyberspace Scofflaws. Addison-Wesley.

  • & Baugh, William E., Jr. [July 1999] Hiding Crimes in Cyberspace

  • [1999] Information Warfare and Security. Addison-Wesley.
    Edited with Peter J. Denning.

  • [April 2, 2000] Activism, Hacktivism, and Cyberterrorism: The Internet as a Tool for Influencing Foreign Policy

  • [May 23, 2000] Cyberterrorism
    Testimony before the Special Oversight Panel on Terrorism Committee on Armed Services U.S. House of Representatives.

  • [Autumn 2000] Cyberterrorism [Word document]
    In: Global Dialogue.

  • [September 2001] Is Cyber Terror Next?
    Social Science Research Council, November 2001.

  • [May 2, 2002] Is Cyber Terrorism Coming?

  • [2006] A View of Cyberterrorism Five Years Later
    Chapter 7 in: K. Himma 9ed.) [2006] Readings in Internet Security: Hacking, Counterhacking, and Society. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

  • [2010] Terror's Web: How the Internet is Transforming Terrorism
    In: Y. Jewkes & M. Yar (eds.) Handbook on Internet Crime. Willan Publishing.

  • [2012] Whither Cyber Terror?
    10 Years After September 11, A Social Science Research Council Essay Forum, Sept. 2011,

• Donoghue, Andrew [2004]
  Cyberterror: Clear and present danger or phantom menace?
  Computer Crime Research Center.

• Donovan, Jonathan [2004]
  Middle East: Islamic militants take jihad to the Internet
  In: terrorisme.net, 17 juni 2004.

• Elmusharaf, Mudawi Mukhtar [2004]
  Cyber Terrorism: The new kind of Terrorism
  Computer Crime Research Center.

• European Union

  • [1977] Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism

  • [2001] Convention on Cybercrime

• Federation of American Scientistst (FAS)
  Terrorism - Background and Threat Assessment

• Flemming, Peter / Stohl, Michael [2000]
  Myths and Realities of Cyberterrorism
  Paper presented at the international conference 'Countering Terrorism Through Enhanced International Cooperation', 22-24 september, 2000.

• Galley, Patrick [1997]
  Terrorisme informatique: Quels sont les risques?

• Galt, Johnathan R.
  Islamic Terror Sites on the Web

• Gilmore Commission
  Annual Reports to the President and the Congress of the Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • [1999] I. Assessing the Threat

  • [2000] II. Toward a National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
    Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction. 14 December 2000.

  • [2001] III. For Ray Downey

  • [2002] IV. Implementing the National Strategy

• Golubev, Vladimir [2004]
  Problems of counteraction to computer crimes and cyber terrorism
  Computer Crime Research Center.

• Peters, Gretchen [2004]
  Al-Qaeda Publishes Magazine on the Net

• Gunaratna, Rohan [2002]
  Inside Al Qaeda
  Columbia University Press.

• Homeland Security
  A federal research and development center that advises the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Actuel information in national security can be found ins the Journal of Homeland Security.

• Infowar
  Een portal over veiligheid van informatie, terrorisme en informatieoorlog.

• Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center - Israel
  Using the Internet to market terrorism
  The Palestinian Islamic Jihad markets its terrorist messages using Internet sites supported by Western (mainly American) companies (despite the fact it has been declared a terrorist organization by both the United States and the European Union.

• Intelligence Online
  An exclusive and independent publication supported entirely by readers and published since 1990 by the independent news organisation Indigo Publications. It reports and analyses the activities of ingelligence agencies and corporate intelligence businesses around the world.

• International Association for Counterterrorism (ACSP)

• International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT)

• JihadWatch
  Informs on the role of theology and ideology of jihad in the modern world. Critizises misconceptions on the rol of jihad and religio in actual national and international conflicts.

• Justo, Patrick Di [2002]
  How Al-Qaida Site Was Hijacked
  In: Wired, Aug. 10, 2002.

• Katzenbeisser, Stefan / Petitcolas, Fabien A.P. [1999]
  Information hiding techniques for steganography and digital watermarking Artech House Books.

• Knight, Alan / Ubayasiri, Kasun [2002]
  eTerror: Journalism, Terrorism and the Internet
  In: Ejournalist 2(2).

• Krebs, Valdis [2002]
  Uncloaking Terrorist Networks

• Leary, Thomas [1996]
  Cryptology in the 16th and 17th Centuries | mirror

• Lia, Brynjar / Hegghammer, Thomas [2004]
  Jihadi Strategic Studies: The Alleged Al Qaida Policy Study Preceding the Madrid Bombings
  In: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 27(5): 355-75.

• Library of Congress
  Selected Internet Resources: Terrorism

• Littleton, Matthew J. [1995]
  Information Age Terrorism: Toward Cyberterror

• Lyman, Jay [2001]
  Weapon of Choice: How Terrorist Use the Internet
  Newsfactor, 12.9.2001.

• Mafiaboy
  News and articles on the Canadian mafiaboy.

• Maio, Paola di [2001]
  Internet Europe: Hacktivism, Cyberterrorism Or Online Democracy?

• Mates, Michael [2001]
  Technology and Terrorism
  Rapport voor de NATO Parliamentary Assembly, 12 juli 2001.

• McCullagh, Declan [2001]
  Bin Laden: Steganography Master?
  In: Wired, 02.07.01.

• National Infrastructure Protection Plan [NIPP]
  NIPP provides a unifying framework that integrates a range of efforts designed to enhance the safety of our nation's critical infrastructure.

• Paul, Larisa [2001]
  When Cyber Hacktivism Meets Cyberterrorism

• Pape, Robert [2005]
  Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism
  Random House.

• Paz, Reuven
  • [2002] Global Jihad and the European Arena
    Presentation in the International conference on Intelligence and Terrorism. Priverno, Italy. 15-18 May 2002. Reuven is directeur van het Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Center.

  • [2005] Zarqawi’s Strategy in Iraq - Is there a “New Al-Qaeda”?

• PCCIP - President’s Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection [1997]
  Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures [pdf]

• Peters, Gretchen [2004]
  Al-Qaeda Publishes Magazine on the Net

• Pike, John [2004]
  Al Qaeda Organization in the Arabian Peninsula

• Pollitt, Mark M. [1997]
  Cyberterrorism Fact or Fancy?
  In: Proceedings of the 20th National Information Systems Security Conference, October 1997, pp. 285-289.

• Provos, Niels / Honeyman, Peter [2001]
  Detecting Steganographic Content on the Web.

• Pratkanis, Anthony / Elliot, Aronson [1991]
  Age of Propaganda: The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion
  New York: Freeman.

• Reich, Walter [1990]
  Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind
  New York: Cambridge University Press.

• Rodriquez, Felipe
  • [2001a] Islamic Jihad, what comes next?

  • [2001b] Terrorism with weapons of mass destruction

• Rothenberg, Richard [2001]
  From Whole Cloth: Making up the terrorist network
  In: Connections, Winter 2001 Volume 23, issue 3.
  Terrorist networks are characterized by a high degree of connectivity and considerable redundancy. The dynamic units are probably small, with high personnel turnover and considerable structural equivalence. The network is not ‘managed’ in the strict hierarchical sense, but a central leadership appears to plan major moves, to provide training, finance and logistical support, but to permit considerable autonomy at the local level. Such structure contrasts markedly with typical governmental hierachies. Success against terrorism may be contingent, in part, on governments’ ability to set aside formal structure and match the fluidity and nimbleness of terrorist networks.

• Roy, Oliver
  • [2004a] Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah
    London: Hurst.

  • [2004b] Al-Qaida, label ou organisation?
    In: Le Monde diplomatique, septembre 2004.

• Scheferman, Scott [2001]
  Trojan Warfare Exposed
  Published by SANS [System Administration, Networking, and Security].

• Schwartau, Winn [2000]
  Cybershock: Surviving Hackers, Phreakers, Identity Thieves, Internet Terrorists and Weapons of Mass Disruption

• Security Online

• Site Intelligence Group
  Jihadist Threat

• Smith, Davidson, G. [1998]
  Single Issue Terrorism
  A publication of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service.

• Soo Hoo, Kevin / Goodman, Seymour / Greenberg, Lawrence [1997]
  Information Technology and the Terrorist Threat
  In: Survival, 39(3), Autumn 1997, pp. 135-155.

• Spencer, Robert
  • [2005] The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (and the Crusaders)
    The author is director of Jihad Watch.

  • [2008] Stealth Jihad: How Radical Islam is Subverting America without Guns or Bombs

• Stidham, Jonathan [2001]
  Can Hackers Turn Your Lights Off? The Vulnerability of the US Power Grid to Electronic Attack

• Staten, Clark L.
  • Emergency Response to Chemical/Biological Terrorist Incidents

  • [1999] Asymmetric Warfare, the Evolution and Devolution of Terrorism
    In: Counterterrorism & Security International.

• Talbot, David [2005]
  Terrors Server
  In: MIT Technology Review, February 2005.

• Tan, Kheng Lee Gregory [2003]
  Confronting Cyberterrorism with cyber deception
  Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (USA).

• Terrorism and Political Violence
  A journal edited by David C. Papoport and Paul Wilkinson.

• terrorisme.pagina.nl
  Useful links to resources on terrrosm.

• Terrorist Groups
  Presented by the National Counterterrorism Center.

• Terrorist Organization Profiles
  Presented by the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism.

• Terrorism Research Center, The (TRC)
  An independent institute that studies terrorism, information war, protection of critical infrastructures and other themes that are related tot political violence of low intensity and the phenomena of the 'gray zone'.

• Thomas, Timothy L. [2003]
  Al Qaeda and the Internet: The Danger of “Cyberplanning” | pfd
  In: Parameters, Spring 2003, pp. 112-23.

• Time Magazine Newsfiles on Terrorism and the War on Terrorism

• United Nations
  Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security [Resolution 53/70]
  U.N. GAOR, 53rd Sess., U.N. Doc. A/RES/53/70.

• United States Institute of Peace (USIP)
  • [2003] Global Terrorism after the Iraq War
    Special Report 111.
  • [2004] Terrorism in the Horn of Africa by Tim Docking
    Special Report 113.

  • [2007] British Counter-Terrorism After the July 2005 Attacks by Jytte Klausen

  • International Terrorism: Definitions, Causes and Responses - A teaching guide

  • Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Web Links

• Vegh, Sandor [2002]
  Hacktivists or Cyberterrorists? The Changing Media Discourse on Hacking

• Wardlaw, Grant [1982]
  Political Terrorism: Theory, Tactics, and Counter-measures
  New York: Cambridge University Press.

• Watson, Dale [1998]
  Foreign Terrorism in the United States: Five Years After the World Trade Center
  Statement of Dale Watson, Chief International Terrorism Section, National Security Division Federal Bureau of Investigation before the Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information United States Senate.

• Weimann, Gabriel
  • [2004] www.terror.net: How Modern Terrorism Uses the Internet
    Weimann is professor in commumnication at the University of Haifa (Israel).

  • [2010] Terror on the Internet: The New Arena, the New Challenges

• Whine, Michael [1998]
  Islamist Organisations on the Internet

• Wilkinson, Paul
  Terrorism: Implications for World Peace

• Wright, Lawrence
  • [2002] The Man Behind Bin Laden: How an Egyptian doctor became a master of terror
    In: The New Yorker, September 16, 2002.

  • [2004] The Terror Web
    In: The New Yorker, August 2, 2004.
    Een verontrustende beschrijving van hoe Al Qa'ida en daarmee verbonden terroristische groepen het internet gebruiken om hun zaak te stutten.

• Yahoo! News on Terrorism

Editor	dr. Albert Benschop Social & Behavioral Studies University of Amsterdam
Created	September, 1996
Last modified	23rd March, 2016