Power: Conflict and War

Sociology of Power and Politics

• Activism, Collective Action, Social Movements, Utopianism (SocioSite)

• All Politics
  A joint venture of CNN and Time-Warner on American Politics.

• Black Quest: Power Resource Links
  A link collection for black power resources. Editor: Arthur Blair (creator of the game 'Black Quest').

• Citizenship Studies
  A new journal, published by Carfax Publishing, and edited by Bryan S. Turner. It will publish internationally recognized scholarly work on contemporary issues in citizenship, human rights and democratic processes from an interdisciplinary perspective covering the fields of politics, sociology, history, philosophy and cultural studies. Upcoming special issues include Islam and Women, International Relations, Feminist Theory and Rights, and Cities and Citizenship.

• FIRST — Facts on International Relations and Security Trends
  A free service voor politicians, journalists, researchers and the interested public. It is a jount project of the International Relations and Security Network (ISN) and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). The database contain documented information from research institutes around the world.

• Foundations of Political Theory
  Organized Section of the American Political Association (APSA). The site includes links to online texts of political philosophy, courses in political science, and theorists.

• Government, Law and Society
  Resources from the English Server, Includes classical resources (Machiavelli, Hobbes, Mill) and modern themes (Foucault, Habermas). Also links to documents on (inter)natinal conflicts and liberation movements.

• Government Resources on the Web - University of Michigan Libraries Documents Center.
  A comprehensive coverage of international, national, state, and statistical governmental information. Includes a "Documents in the News" to inform you on new government actions and web sources related to them.

• H-Net Discussion Network
  A listing of discussion lists on topics related to politics and political science. H-Net is an international interdisciplinary organization of scholars and teachers dedicated to explore and develop the educational potential of the internet. The computing heart of the H-Net resides at Matrix, The Center for Humane Arts, Letters, and Social Sciences (Michigan State University).

• ¡Ya Basta! - Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN)
  The Zapatista rebels in the Chiapas region of southern Mexico use Web sites and newsgroups to call for support for their struggle for land reform. Jose Angel Gurria (Mexico's Foreign Minister) acknowledged that the government had been forced into half-hearted negotiations with the insurgents only because of the power of local and global public opinion mobilised by the Net. The EZLN site was put together in order to provide reliable information on the Zapatista uprising and serve as a mouthpiece for the Zapatistas in cyberspace. Many people from Mexico and elsewhere have used it as a resource. Includes a list of Zapatita solidarity sites. More info in the Papers & Articles by Harry Cleaver (University of Texas at Austin, USA).

• Machiavelli, Nicolo [1515]
  The Prince [english server] | [Constitution Society]
  Translated by W. K. Mariott.

• Online Resource Guide to Political Inquiry
  A research tool for students, academic researchers and the general public. The site aims to serve as a springboard for inquiry into a range of political issues. The main focus at present are 23 sets of links that have been divided by institutional and issue-based theme. They are supplemented periodically by sets of links on specific themes. Editor: Michael Dartnell (Centre for International and Security Studies and Department of Political Science, York University, Ontario, Canada).

• Política & Ciências Sociais
  Brazilian politics, tesis and articles in political and social sciences, on-line courses about State reform, neoliberalism etc. Portuguese language. Editor: Alberto Tosi Rodrigues (Federal University of Espirito Santo - Brazil).

• Political Game Theory
  Games that abstract the "essence" of various forms of political interaction. Editor: Geoff Wong (Department of Computer Science, RMIT University Melbourne, Australia).

• Political Resources on the Net
  Listings of political sites available on the Internet sorted by country, with links to Parties, Organizations, Governments, Media and more from all around the world. Presented by: Agorà Telematica. Editor: Roberto Cicciomessere.

• Political Science: A Net Station
  A collection of connections; a docking station for political researchers working their way through cyberspace. University of British Columbia Library.

• Political Science Research and Teaching Discussion List - PSRT-L
  A moderated discussion list on the internet which deals with issues of interest to professional political scientists, both researchers and teachers. Submissions from all subfields of political science as well as related disciplines are encouraged.

• Political Science Resources - Richard Kimber (University of Keel, UK).
  A gateway to most significant sources relevant to political science: Official Government web sources; Information about Governments; Constitutions, Treaties and Official Declarations; Elections and Electoral Systems; Political Parties, Interest Groups and other political movements; Political Thought, Area Studies, Local and Regional Government; International Relations; Collections of Social, Economic and other data; Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers; Bibliographic Tools; and other politics servers.

• Political Science Resources - Dan Tsang (University of California, Irvine, USA)
  Includes, general, reference, elections, california state government, US and Canadian politics and parties, data sources, public policy, and more.

• Political Science Resources on the Web - University of Michigan, Documents Center
  A large and well structured guide on political science. The site includes a Documentation Center, a central reference and referral point for government information (local, state, federal, foreign and international).

• Political Science Resources on the Web
  Presented by the Political Science Department of the Trinity College.

• Political Scientist's Virtual Library
  Links to Departments of Political Science and Government, Libraries, Journals and Collections of Papers, Research Institutions, Non-Profit Organizations and Government Agencies, Some FTP Servers, News Groups, ListServs, and Related Fields.

• Political Theory
  Resources from Yahoo! on anarchism, communism, fascism, nationalism, socialism, utilitarianism, and political theorists. It includes journals and web directories on political theory.

• Politikon
  A Brazilian contribution by Alvaro Bianchi (Political Science at Universidade Metodista de São Paulo). The site contains information on his research work: political theory, contemporary political process, and political and economy.

• Politics Research Group - John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, USA.
  Empirical and theoretical research related to politics. The Group sponsors seminars on current research, disseminates faculty papers, and facilitates an ongoing faculty research workshop. The research conducted by faculty encompasses a broad range of fields in the social sciences, including institutional analysis, political theory, public law, organizational behavior, race and politics, and international relations. Several working papers are available online in abstract and in full text versions.

• Ponsioen, Arnout (Utrecht, Netherlands)
  www.gurrilla.mx
  A Dutch study on the electronic struggle of the Zapatistas in Mexico.

• Russian Newsroom
  Daily updated resrouce of Russian news in English. Featuring: Russia against terror, Russian military analysis, political plots of the week, russian elections. Maintained by WPS Russian Media Monitoring Agency.

• Socialism - Communism (SocioSite)

• WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs
  Over 2400 carefully selected and annotated links in 37 international affairs categories. Edited and maintained by Wayne A. Selcher (Dept. of Politica Science, Elizabethtown College, USA).

TeleDemocracy

• Benschop, Albert (Univ. of Amsterdam, Netherlands) TeleDemocratie
  Article on the possibilities and limits of teledemocracy.

• Barbrook, Richard
  Electronic Democracy - Politics in Cyberspace
  We know that technology cannot cure political or social problems by itself, but that it can be used to reinforce human solutions. "Back in the late-eighteenth century, republican philosophers called for the creation of an informed citizenry who would possess the knowledge needed to make those political decisions affecting their own lives. Maybe, as we enter the twenty-first century, the Net will help to realise this democratic ideal for the first time." Barbrook argues that despite its limitations, the Net can still improve the dissemination of political information and improve the accountability of elected representatives.

• Basic Readings in U.S. Democracy
  A great collection of the highlights of American democracy. The readings are primarily excerpts from original documents: from the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the US, the Seneca Falls Declaration, to the Unived States v. Nixon and excerpts from Presidential Debates.

• The Bell
  A newsletter on internet voting and collaborative decision-making.

• California Internet Voting Task Force [2000]
  A Report on the Feasibility of Internet Voting
  A study on the feasibility of usering the internet to conduct elections in California. Experts in the field of data security, elections and voter participation were asked to contribute in the development of this report.

• Clift, Steven
  Democracy is Online
  Cober article for the OnTheInternet magazine from the Internet Society. Steven's site contains a lot more original material on cyberdemocracy.

• Democràcia Electrònica (Barcelona, Spain)
  A Spanish project on electronic democracy.

• Democracy Online
  Promoting the development and sustainability of online civic participation and democracy efforts around the world through experience, outreach, and education. The goal is to build a strong foundation for improving democracy as democracies around the world converge with information networks. The project's secretariat is housed by the Center for Democracy and Citizenship at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, USA.

• EFF - The Electronic Frontier Foundation
  The EFF is fighting to protect civil liberties in the digital society. EFF was founded in 1990 and is based in San Francisco, California, with a satellite office in Washington, DC.

• European Parliamentarians Internet Group (E-PING!)

• International Teledemocracy Centre (ITC)
  The ITC — an initiative of the Napier University and BT Scotland — develops and applies advanced information and communication technology to enhance and support the democratic decision-making process. ITC demonstrates how technology can contribute to more openness and accessibility in government. On the site you will find a great collection of publications on teledomocratic issues.

• Instituut voor Publiek en Politiek (IPP)
  Interactief Beleid
  Introduction into TeleDemocracy (Dutch only)

• Ito, Joichi [2003]
  Emergent Democracy

• Jager, Wiebe de
  The Evolution of Democracy
  A Ph. D research program on democracy as a complex system.

• Jankowski, Nick / Leeuwis, Cees /Martin, Peter / Noordhof, Margreet / Rossum, Jeffrey van [June 1997] (University of Nijmegen, Netherlands)
  Teledemocracy in the Province
  An experiment with Internet-based software and public debate.

• London, Scott (april, 1995)
  Teledemocracy vs. Deliberative Democracy: A Comparative Look at Two Models of Public Talk
  Journal of Internersonal Computing and Technology, 3(2): 33-55.

• Minnesota e-democracy

• Pels - Platform elektronisch stemmen
  A Dutch site on e-voting issues that contains some interesting articles on e-democracy.

• Poster, Mark [1995] (Univ. of California, Irvine, USA)
  CyberDemocracy: Internet and the Public Sphere

• QuickLinks - Electronic democracy

• Rilling, Reiner
  Politische Netzkommunikation und Entscheidung
  Article on political communication and decision on the Internet.

• Schoenmakers, Berry [2000]
  Fully Auditable Electronic Secret-Ballot elections [pdf]
  Since the presidential elections in 1999 in het USA we know that counting a bunch of votes can be a tantalizing job. Electronic voting seems to make the counting of the voice a lot easier. How hard can it be to build an internet-based system which enables people to vote conveniently from their PC's, WAP phones, or other personal devices. However, if one wants to address ballot secrecy in a serious way the challenge is to guarantee vorters' privacy and cocrectness of the election result at the same time. How special-purpose cryptographic protocols help to achieve this goal is skillfully demonstrated in this paper.

• TAN+N - Teledemocracy Action News + Network
  The site of the Global Democracy Movement is dedicated to the creative use of ICT and face-to-face deliberative techniques in all forms that directly empower citizens to have authentic input into political systems at all levels of governance around the world. TAN+N also cover other genuine pro-democratic movements, including those which promote direct democracy and those which struggle to gain, retain or transform representive democracy in the face of authoritarian or elitist power or from corrupting financial influences. The site contains a directory of all the projects and organizations that are part of the network, and

• TeleDemocracy Center
  Organization For Community Networks (OFCN)

• Thornton, Alinta (University of Technology, Sydney, Australia)
  Does the Internet Create Democracy?
  A thesis on whether internet creates or contributes to democracy. It related the US internet and democracy debate to American communications theory (starting with Howard Rheingold). Some European theory is explored (including Habermas). She discusses whether the net really will create democracy in practice. The conclusion is that the Internet has the capacity to expand participative democracy in a revitalised public sphere, but an explosion of direct participatory democracy is highly unlikely to eventuate. The real opportunity for greater participation, democratic communication and a true revitalisation of the public sphere depends on the expansions of the Internet into middle-income groups, lower-income groups and women.

Conflict and Conflict Resolution

• African Centre for Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD)
  Accord's mission is to train and educate people in new and innovative ways of resolving conflict, and to create forums and institutions for the expression of skills. The training and research programmes extend from community conflict resolution to international preventive diplomacy and peacekeeping.

• Canadian Institute of International Affairs (CIIA)
  A platform for discussion, analysis and debate of international affairs. And some excellent links.

• Center for Conflict Resolution (CCR) - Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford, UK.
  Research into international and local community conflict, peacekeeping and into the history of peace thinking and peace making. A foces has been placed on increasing understanding of how the various agencies of the international community can cooperate in order to improve opportunities for effective conflict resolution in situations of major armed conflicts, which have such a devastating impact on civilian populations.

• Conflict resolution consortium - Colorado, USA
  Research program about riscs, conflicts, negotiations and sanctions. Lots of information about crisis and conflict management.

• Conflict Resolution Resource Center (CRRC)
  Provides an international databate of conflict resolution, articles and resources, events and organizations and a list of conflict resolution jobs.

• Conflict Resolution, and Mediation
  Abstracts and ordering information for studies in Conflict Resolution and Mediation. From: Pew Case Studies in International Affairs, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University.

• Country Indicators for Foreign Policy (CIFP)
  Statistical information conveying the key features of the economic, politicial, social and cultural environments of countries around the world. The database can be queried by region, by issue area, by regional and global organization, and through the Quick Qery page. Don't forget to registaer first. The CIFP project is initiated by the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade and Norman Paterson School of International Affairs.

• European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation
  A network of European nong-governmental organisations involved in the prevention and/or resolution of violent conflicts in the international arena. It wants to facilitate the exchange of information and experience among participating organisations. One of the many activities is the publication of an International Directory that lists 475 organisations worldwide working in the field of conflict prevention and management. Profiles of these organisations can be found by country or alphabetically. The site contains a huge amount of information: country surveys, thematic essays, a newsletter, reports etc.

• Institute for Study of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ISADR) - Humboldt State University
  ISADR conducts cutting-edge research in the field of alternative dispute resolution and provides professional training for mediators, facilitators, and other dispute resolvers. Their mission is to encourage and support quantitative, qualitative, & theoretical research in the field of alternative dispute resolution processes and practices.

• INCORE
  The Initiative on Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity, a joint initiative of the University of Ulster and the United Nations University, is a central resource on the internet for conflict resolution and ethnic conflict. Contains resources on conflict resolution and ethnic conflict for academic researchers, policy-makers and practitioners. Includes the Conflict Data Service and Ethnic Conflict Research Digest.

• Mediation Information and Resource Center (MIRC) - Information and resources on conflict resolution.

• Program on Non-Violent Sanctions
  The Harvard Program on Nonviolent Sanctions and Cultural Survival is a research program within the University's Center for International Affairs. The research looks at situations of acute conflict in order to better understand the capabilities of nonviolent struggle in support of the human rights & civil liberties. Case studies complement the computer-assisted monitoring of emerging conflicts, with an emphasis on identifying conflicts before they erupt into violence. Includes a series of seminars (with synopses of the presentations), information on research, events, publications, and application procedures.

• University of California Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation (IGCC)
  A multi-campus research unit of nine UC campuses plus the Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos national Laboratories, now offers system-wide information and publications. IGCC's system-wide structure enables it to draw from an large pool of specialists on virtually any topic. Research agenda includes: arms control & proliferation, regional relations, international environmental policy, international relations theory, and the domestic sources of foreign policy. One of the largest sources of dissertation and fellowship support on international studies in the country. Location: UC San Diego's La Jolla campus.

War and Peace: Strategic Studies, Security, International Relations and Politics

• Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS)
  Provides links to a variety of organizations, publications, and institutions that are categorized by topic: Diplomacy, International Peace and Security; Disarmament & Non-proliferation; Human Rights; International Law; UN and Research Links; Nongovernmental Organizations; and more.

• Anti-Oorlogsmuseum
  A Dutch-Belgian anti-war museum. It wants to show us that war has become unacceptable in these days. An initiative of many cooperating peace organizations. Editor: Chris Geerse

• Army Area Handbook

• Armed Forces of The World
  A site dedicated to linking you with country specific military information. A large map indicates which countries have sites and which do not.

• Army Lessons Learned Centre (ALLC) - Canada
  The ALLC collects and analyses Canadian and Allied operational and training experiences foor dissemination as lessons learned.

• Arms Control Association
  A national nonpartisan membership organization dedicated to promoting public understanding of and support for effective arms control policies, with fact sheets, background papers, full-text documents, arms control briefings, and Arms Control Today.

• Arms Sales Monitoring Project (ASMP)
  The American Federation of Scientists Fund focusses on U.S. government policy on arms sales and conventional weapons proliferation. It tries to restraint in global production and trade of weapons. The newsletter, Arms Sales Monitor of the Federation of American Scientists (AFS) reports on and analyzes U.S. government policies on conventional arms exports and military assistance.

• Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC)
  A worldwide clearinghouse on practical conversion experiences and projects. BICC is an independent non-profit organization that supports and promotes the process by which people, skills, technology, equipment, financial and economic resources are shifted from the military or the defense sector towards alternative, civilian purposes.

• Books On-line: Military Science and Naval Science

• British American Security Information Council
  (BASIC)An independent research organization thatÊanalyzes government policies in defense, disarmament, military strategy, and nuclear issues.

• Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
  The Published by the not-for-profit Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, and reporting on international security, military affairs, and nuclear issues. The site includes the famous Doomsday Clock, the NaturalÊResources Defense Council Nuclear Notebook, (facts and figures on the world's nuclear arsenals) and other infomation about international security and nuclear issues.

• Canadian Forces Centre of Excellence for Peace Support Operations Training
  The centre prepares Canadian Forces personnel for deployment anywhere in the world for peace support operation.

• Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies (CISS)

• Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict (CCPDC)
  Addresses the looming threat to world peace of intergroup violence and advances new ideas for the prevention and resolution of deadly conflict. It has a membership of eminent international leaders and scholars with long experience in conflict prevention and resolution. The Commission has examined the principal causes of deadly ethnic, nationalist, and religious conflicts within and between states and the circumstances that foster or deter their outbreak. Taking a long-term, worldwide view of violent conflicts that are likely to emerge, it seeks to determine the functional requirements of an effective system for preventing mass violence and to identify the ways in which such a system could be implemented. It looks at the strengths and weaknesses of various international entities in conflict prevention and considers ways in which international organizations might contribute toward developing an effective international system of nonviolent problem solving. CCPDC has published numerous excellent reports online, including their December 1997 Final Report, as well as links and a discussion forum.

• Centre for Military and Strategic Studies (CMSS) - University of Calgary, Canada
  A Strategic Studies Program. Designed to provide academics, students, researchers, government officials and the general public with a research tool in the areas of Strategic Studies, Security, International Relations and Politics.

• Clausewitz, Carl von [1780-1831]
  Clausewitz.com
  The Prussian military thinker Carl von Clausewitz is one of the most important classical strategic theorists. Here you can read his famous work On War [1932] in English and German. It includes an introduction by Christopher Bassford (National War College).

• Department of Intelligence (DOI)
  The DOI aims to analyse the world's issues and to constitute a high-quality team to help political or military leaders to make decisions or take actions. The International Center for Intelligence Studies (ICIS) is dedicated to the studies about intelligence.

• Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO)
  A very large page with links to just about everything military. Great section on Foreign (non-US) military sites. Created by the Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA. FMSO provides direct support to the senior U.S. Army and Department of Defense leadership and general support to the U.S. Army Combined Arms Center. FMSO's three major areas of concentration are geo-strategy, operational art and tactics, and operations other than war, including "grey-area" phenomena. It's mission is to research, write, lecture and publish from unclassified sources, in both English and original languages, about the military establishments, doctrine and operational and tactical practices of selected foreign armed forces and about a variety of transnational security issues affecting the U.S. military.

• Gandhi
  "Nonviolence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man." Editor: Lesslie Williams.

• Gandhi, Mahatma
  The official Mahatma Gandhi eArchive.

• Gandhi, Institute
  The M.K. Gandhi Institute for nonviolence promotes and applies the principles of nonviolence.

• Gandhi Serve Foundation
  Provided by the charitable GandhiServer Foundation, Berlin (Germany). The site presents an impressive image archive of Mahatma Gandhi and India's independence movement. In the 'writings online' section you should find all the writing of and on Ghandi on the internet.

• International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA)
  An inclusive network open to individuals, non-governmental organizations, community groupings and professional associations, which promote and respect human rights and support the aims, policy objectives and overall program of action of the network. The site contains a mission statement; campaign material; a list of participants; a calendar of events and the latest news; a document library with a substantial amount of information dealing with small arms and light weapens; and some links. "Small arms are the tools of death used by soldiers and civilians alike. They fuel and increase the lethality of conflicts; they are used in an indiscriminate manner to kill civilians of all ages, colors and persuasions; they are used to intimidate citizens and communities all over the world; they are the most lethal and frightening tools to express violence at home. The proliferation and unlawful use of small arms is one of the most serious humanitarian challenges for the next millennium." IANSA has been created to facilitate NGO action aimed at enhancing human security by preventing the proliferation and misuse of small arms. In so doing it will advance action to stem the supply of, and reduce the demand for, small arms.

• International Affairs Resources (IAN) - WWW Virtual Library.
  Resources on International Affairs, Foreign Policy, and Peacekeeping. The resources are structured by type, by source, and by topic. Editor: Wayne A. Selcher (Dept. of Political Science, Elizabethtown College, USA)

• International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms (IALANA)
  Updates and relevant documentation about the effort of this NGO to achieve the abolition of nuclear weapons through legal methods.

• International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL)
  Information on the landmines problem, visual examples of the indiscriminate destruction they cause, and how to solve the problem, and information on the campaign to ban landmines. "Landmines are now a daily threat in Afghanistan, Angola, Bosnia, Cambodia, Chechnya, Croatia, Iraq, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Somalia, and dozens of other countries.Ê Mines recognize no cease-fire and long after the fighting has stopped they continue to maim or kill.Ê Mines also render large tracts of agricultural land unusable, wreaking environmental and economic devastation.Ê Refugees returning to their war-ravaged countries face this life-threatening obstacle to rebuilding their lives."

• International Relations and Security Network (ISN)
  A daily updated electronic clearinghouse for resources in the field of security and defense studies, peace and conflict research, and international relations. The service is organized in a subject and a regional listing, contains a current issues page and links to related research institutions. Maintained by the Center for Security Studies and Conflict Research at the ETH Zurich, in conjunction with the Euro-Atlantic Foundation, Brussels, and EINIRAS. Supported by the Swiss Government.

• International Security Policy and Military Affairs: Information Sources - Lehman Library, Columbia University.
  A selective guide to library materials and Internet resources on international security policy and military affairs.

• Internet Resources on Genocide and Mass Killings
  A compilation of primary materials and annotated links related to twentieth-century genocidal and mass man-made killing occurrences. The site is organized in fifteen sections (such as The Jewish Holocaust, War Crimes and Criminals, Yugoslavia and Kosovo). The compilation is searchable and updated continuously. Editor:Stuart D. Stein (Senior Lecturer in Sociology and Social Psychology at the University of West England).

• Koninklijk Instituut voor de Marine (KIM)
  The Royal Institute of the Navy in the Netherlands.

• Koninklijke Militaire Academy (KMA)
  The Royal Military Academy in the Netherlands.

• Links to Security and Defense Forum Web Sites
  Presented by the Canadian Department of National Defence.

• Maintien de la paix (Keeping the peace)
  A link page edited by the Institut québécois des hautes études internationales.

• Media Manipulation in Macedonia
  Media fulfil an important role in conflicts and wars. They influence people’s opinions and actions. In which way can they contribute to peace? To discover that, IKON, a national broadcasting company in Holland, has started a project on Media Manipulation. Focussing on the Republic of Macedonia an in-depth picture of the conflict is presented.

• Military Education Research Library Network (MERLN)
  A site of military education libraries cooperation in collecting, organizing and sharing educational resources.

• Missile Threats & Responses resource base - Centre for Defence & International Security Studies, Lancaster University
  Contains an extensive body of information on missile technology and missile defences.

• National Defense University - U.S.A.

• North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
  NATO Defense College: Research Aids and Resources

• Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael'

• Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
  The largest regional security organization in the world with 55 participating states from Europe, Central Asia and North America.

• Peace and Conflict - Colorado, USA.

• Peace, Conflict Resolution, and International Security - WWW Virtual Library
  International Affairs Network (IAN) Web Resources. Editor: Wayne A. Selcher.

• Peace and Security
  Information on defence, disarmament and arms control, international relations, military art and science, military history, national and international security, peace and peacekeeping. Canadian Forces College, Department of National Defence (Canada).

• Peacekeeping and Related Operations - Saint John Ward Chipman Library, University of New Brunswick, Canada
  Peacekeeping resources categorized by reference resources, Nato, UN Missions, CIS/FSU, OSCE, WEU, Government documents and policies, theory & concept, and some related subjects.

• PeaceNet
  A gateway to the progressive community onliny provides information and work for positive social change in the areas of peace, social and economic justice, human rights and the struggle against racism.

• Pearson Peacekeeping Centre

• Plymouth Peacebuilding Project
  Directed by Michael Pugh (University of Plymouth, United Kingdom). The project examines the ownership of peacebuilding in Croatia and Bosnia.

• Project on Defence Alternatives (PDA)
  Analysis of military affairs and policy in the light of post-cold war conditions. The project offers original analysis a well as worldwide military links and several issue pages with links to hundreds of full-text resources on military strategy, military transformation, terrorism, the Chinese military, and the Afghanistan was. It is a project of the Commonwealth Institute, a non-governmental public policy research organization located in Cambridge, Masschusetts, USA.

• Répertoir PSI - Paix et Sécurité Internationales
  An annotated listing of sites on peace and international security, international and human rights.

• Rongstad's Worldwide Military Links
  An very thorough site with hundreds of links to all sorts of military information. Includes a searchable database.

• Society for Military History
  Includes an interesting link page on military history.

• SIPRI
  Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. An independent international institute for research into problems of peace and conflict, especially those of arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966 to commemorate Sweden's 150 years of unbroken peace, financed mainly by the Swedish Parliament. The site provides global, regional, and country data on arms transfers and on wolrd military spending. It also provides a selection of documents related to multilateral arms transfers, a section on its Peacekeeping and Regional Security project and its work on European Security.

• Spotlight on Military News
  Canadian Forces College (range of Canadian and International media sources).

• Strategic Studies Institute - US Army War College, Carlisle Barracks
  The site includes a Peackeeping Blbliography compiled by Virginia Shope.

• Strategies for Peace in the 21st Century
  Top Class Online Internet Study Course.

• and the Web, The -U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, USA.
  A downloadable assessment of and links to over 120 Internet sites dealing with world politics, national security policy, and military strategy.

• Sun Tzu
  Art of War
  The oldest military treatise in the world. Translated from the Chinese by Lionel Giles, M.A. (1910). You can also download the same text with commentary: Gutenberg text. The site Sonshi.com provides personal and interactive support for the Art of War. It reveals how its strategies can be transferred to everyday life.

• Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society (SPAS)
  The world's oldest and Scandinavia's largest peace organization. SPAS has about 7 000 individual members and some 40 local groups in Sweden. The organization is independent from the state and has no political or religious ties. SPAS's major aims are to ease tensions, speed up disarmament, forward the transference of military resources to development and support democratization.

• Thucydides
  The Peloponnesian War
  Translation: Richard Crawley. See also the Sources for Thucydides presented by Terseus Tufts.

• United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)
  An autonomous institution within the framework of the United Nations established by the General Assembly for the purpose of undertaking independent research on disarmament and related issues.

• United States Air Force Academy

• United States Institute of Peace (USIP)
  Promotes education and training, research, and public information programs on means to promote international peace & resolve international conflicts without violence. Their site contains USIP general info, as well as information on research in progress & abstracts, list of free publications.

• United States Military Academy at West Point
  The most famous military academy in the US, where the generals of the future are educated.

• United States Naval Academy (USNA)

• War, Peace and Security Guide
  A well organized guide to military science and contemporary international military issues, provided by the Information Resource Centre of the Canadian Forces College, (Department of National Defence). A meta-site links to information on military and naval forces worldwide. Categories of information include: armed forces of the world, contemporary conflicts, international organizations, international relations, peace & disarmament, military art and science, biography, and history.

• War & Peace
  War & Peace Foundation (New York, USA). Reports, updates, comment and book reviews on disarmament, nuclear issues, US & international politics. Provides: Mission Statement of the War & Peace Foundation, NGO Nuclear Abolition Caucus statement, The War & Peace Digest. Information that should help hasten an end to militarism, war and the causes of war.

CyberWar

• Arkin, William [2001]
  The other Kosovo war
  In: MSNBC News, 29 aug. 2001.

• Arquilla, John J. [2001]
  The Great Cyberwar of 2002
  In: Wired.

• Arquilla, John J. / Ronfeldt, David F. [1993]
  Cyberwar and Netwar. New Modes, Old Concepts, of Conflict
  In: Comparative Strategy 12: 141-65.

• Arquilla, John J. / Ronfeldt, David F. (eds.) [1997]
  In Athena's Camp: Preparing for Conflict in the Information Age

• Arquilla, John J. / Ronfeldt, David F. [2000]
  Swarming and the Future Conflict

• Arquilla, John J. / Ronfeldt, David F. (eds.) [2001]
  Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy

• Benschop, Albert (University of Amsterdam)
  Oorlog in Cyberspace: Zwaarden van Zwakkeren
  Analysis of the conditions, forms and effects of a warfare on the internet. Cyberware is typified as a weapon of the weak.

• Bibliography on Information Warfare

• Brewin, Bob [1999]
  Kosovo ushered in cyberwar
  In: FCW.com.

• Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) [1998]
  Cybercrime...Cyberterrorism...Cyberwarfare

• Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) [2000]
  Cyber Threats and Information Security

• Center for the Study of Technology and Society
  Special Focus: Cyberwarfare

• Creveld, Martin L. van [1999]
  De wil tot oorlog
  Interview van Ruther van der Hoeven met Creveld in De Groene Amsterdammer, 31.3.99

• Dacey, Robert [2001]
  Protecting America's Critical Infrastructures: How Secure Are Government Computer Systems?

• Ellis, Bryan W. [2001]
  The International Legal Implications and Limitations of Information Warfare: What Are Our Options? [pdf]

• Greenberg, Lawrence, T. / Goodman, Seymour E. / Soo Hoo, Kevin J. [2001]
  Information Warfare and International Law

• Infowar.Com

• Institute for the Anvanced Study of Information Warfare (IASIW)

• Intelligence Online

• International Center for Security

• Leonhard, Robert [2000]
  The Principles of War for the Information Age

• Ling, Qiao / Xiangsui, Wang [1999]
  Unrestricted Warfare

• National Infrastructure Protection Center [NIPC]
  Een Amerikaans centrum voor het opsporen en beoordelen van en reageren op onwettige handelingen die te maken hebben met informatietechnologieën welke de vitale infrastructuren bedreigen.

• Molander, Roger C. et al. [1998]
  Strategic Information Warfare Rising
  Rand Publication.
  Report on the consequences of the information revolution on strategic warfare.

• PCCIP (President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection) [1997]
  Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures

• Rattray, Gregory J. [2001]
  Strategic Warfare in Cyberspace

• Ronfeldt, David / Arguilla, John / Fuller, Graham E. / Fuller, Melissa [1999]
  The Zapatista "Social Netwar" in Mexico

• SANS Institute [2001]
  The Twenty Most Critical Internet Security Vulnerabilities
  

• Scheferman, Scott [Maart 2001]
  Trojan Warfare Exposed
  Gepubliceerd door System Administration, Networking, and Security [SANS].

• Stein, George J.
  Information War - CyberWar - NetWar

• Tenet, George J. [2001]
  Statement by the director of the CIA for "Worldwide Threat 2001: National Security in a Changing World.

• Thomas, Timothy L. (Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS)
  Like Adding Wings to the Tiger: Chinese Information War Theory and Practice

• U.S. Department of Defence [1999]
  An Assessment of International Legal Issues in Information Operations [pdf]

• Werber, Niels [1998]
  Der Krieg hat schon begonnen - und jeder kann mitmachen

CyberTerrorism

• Addinal, Robert [2004]
  Information in Warfare from Sun Tzu to the "War on Terror"

• Attrition.org
  A computer security site dedicated to the collection, dissimination and distribution of information about the industry. The group analyses 'Web defacements and other types of cybercrime.

• Benschop, Albert (University of Amsterdam)
  Jihad in the Netherlands: Chronicle of a Political Murder foretold
  A reconstruction of the build-up to and consequences of the murder on Theo van Gogh.

• Benschop, Albert (University of Amsterdam)
  CyberTerrorisme: Dodelijk geweld vanaf het toetsenbord
  Analysis of modes and effects of terrorism on the internet. Terror from behind the keyboard, how deadly can it be?

• 10 Downing Street [2001]
  Responsibility for the terrorist atrocities in the United States, 11 September 2001
  Declaration of the British government on the responsibilities for the terrorist atrocities in the United States on 11 September 2001.

• Anti-Terrorism Coalition
  ATC's Database of Terrorist Websites and eGroups

• Beddle, Paul [2002]
  Al-Qaeda takes fight for 'hearts and minds' to the web
  In: Jane's Intelligence Review, Augustus 2002.

• Campbell, Duncan [2001]
  How the plotters slipped US net
  How Osama bin Laden could escape the intelligence and surveillance services of the NSA..

• Canadian Security Intelligence Service [1999]
  Trends in Terrorism

• Cha, Ariana Eunjung [2004]
  From a Virtual Shadow, Messages of Terror
  In: Washington Post, 2 oktober 2004.

• Causes-of-terrorism.net

• Center for Society and Cyber Studies (CSCS)
  An educational resource for the observation, recording and analysis of cyber crime and e-culture phenomena. It provides links to e-crime news, international e-crime statistics and data, cybercrime stories and profiles, and books.

• Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) [1998]
  Cybercrime, Cyberterrorism, Cyberwarfare

• Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) [2000]
  Cyber Threats and Information Security

• Center for the Study of Terrorism and Irregular Warfare (CSTIW) [1999]
  Cyberterrorism: Prospects and Implications
  Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California [aug 1999].

• Coleman, Kevin [2003]
  Cyber Terrorism

• Collin, Barry [1997]
  The Future of Cyberterrorism.
  In: Crime and Justice International, March 1997, pp. 15-18.

• Conway, Maura [2002]
  Reality Bytes: Cyberterrorism and Terrorist 'Use' of the Internet

• Cybercrime
  Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) of the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice.

• Cyberterrorism Resource Center
  A link collection on cyberterrorism.

• Cyber-Terrorism
  A section of a portal on cybercrimes.

• Denning, Dorothy E.

  • & Baugh, William E., Jr. [July 1999] Hiding Crimes in Cyberspace

  • [2 april 2000] Activism, Hacktivism, and Cyberterrorism: The Internet as a Tool for Influencing Foreign Policy

  • [23 mei, 2000] Cyberterrorism
    Testimony before the Special Oversight Panel on Terrorism Committee on Armed Services U.S. House of Representatives.

  • [Autumn 2000] Cyberterrorism [Word document]
    In: Global Dialogue.

  • [September 2001] Is Cyber Terror Next?
    Social Science Research Council, November 2001.

• Donoghue, Andrew [2004]
  Cyberterror: Clear and present danger or phantom menace?
  Computer Crime Research Center.

• Donovan, Jonathan [2004]
  Middle East: Islamic militants take jihad to the Internet
  In: terrorisme.net, 17 juni 2004.

• Elmusharaf, Mudawi Mukhtar [2004]
  Cyber Terrorism: The new kind of Terrorism
  Computer Crime Research Center.

• European Union [December 2000]
  Draft Convention on Cyber-Crime

• European Union [19.9.2001]
  On Combating Terrorism [pdf].

• Flemming, Peter / Stohl, Michael [2000]
  Myths and Realities of Cyberterrorism
  Paper presented at the international conference 'Countering Terrorism Through Enhanced International Cooperation', 22-24 september, 2000.

• Galley, Patrick [1997]
  Terrorisme informatique: Quels sont les risques?

• Galt, Jonathan
  Islamic Terror Sites on the Web

• Gilmore Commission [2000]
  Toward a National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
  Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction. 14 December 2000.

• Golubev, Vladimir [2004]
  Problems of counteraction to computer crimes and cyber terrorism
  Computer Crime Research Center.

• Gretchen Peter [2004]
  Al-Qaeda Publishes Magazine on the Net

• Gunaratna, Rohan [2002]
  Inside Al Qaeda
  Columbia University Press.

• Homeland Security
  A federal research and development center that advises the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Actuel information in national security can be found ins the Journal of Homeland Security.

• ICT - Terrorism & Counter-terrorism

• Infowar.Com
  Een portal over veiligheid van informatie, terrorisme en informatieoorlog.

• Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center
  Using the Internet to market terrorism
  The Palestinian Islamic Jihad markets its terrorist messages using Internet sites supported by Western (mainly American) companies (despite the fact it has been declared a terrorist organization by both the United States and the European Union.

• Intelligence Online

• International Association for Counterterrorism (ACSP)

• JihadWatch
  Informs on the role of theology and ideology of jihad in the modern world. Critizises misconceptions on the rol of jihad and religio in actual national and international conflicts.

• Justo, Patrick Di [2002]
  How Al-Qaida Site Was Hijacked
  In: Wired, Aug. 10, 2002.

• KB: Dossier Terrorisme

• Katzenbeisser, Stefan / Petitcolas, Fabien A.P. [1999]
  Information hiding techniques for steganography and digital watermarking. [Extract]
  Artech House Books.

• Knight, Alan / Ubayasiri, Kasun [2002]
  eTerror: Journalism, Terrorism and the Internet
  In: Ejournalist 2(2).

• Krebs, E. [2002]
  Uncloaking Terrorist Networks

• Leary, Thomas [1996]
  Cryptology in the 16th and 17th Centuries

• Lia, Brynjar / Hegghammer, Thomas [2004]
  Jihadi Strategic Studies: The Alleged Al Waida Policy Study Preceding the Madrid Bombings.
  In: Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 27(5): 355-75.

• Library of Congress
  Selected Internet Resources: Terrorism

• Littleton, Matthew J. [1995]
  Information Age Terrorism: Toward Cyberterror

• Lyman, Jay [2001]
  How Terrorist Use the Internet
  Newsfactor, 12.9.2001.

• Mafiaboy
  News and articles on the Canadian mafiaboy.

• Maio, Paola di [March 2001]
  Internet Europe: Hacktivism, Cyberterrorism Or Online Democracy?

• Mansfeld, Laura [2004]
  Everything you always wanted to know about becoming a terrorist, but were afraid to ask

• Mates, Michael [2001]
  Technology and Terrorism
  Rapport voor de NATO Parliamentary Assembly, 12 juli 2001.

• McCullagh, Declan [2001]
  Bin Laden: Steganography Master?
  In: Wired, 7 feb., 2001.

• Miller, David J. [2003]
  Sun Tzu and the War on Terror

• National Infrastructure Protection Center [NIPC]
  Een Amerikaans centrum voor het opsporen en beoordelen van en reageren op onwettige handelingen die te maken hebben met informatietechnologieën welke de vitale infrastructuren bedreigen.

• Paul, Larisa [2001]
  When Cyber Hacktivism Meets Cyberterrorism

• Pape, Robert [2005]
  Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism
  Random House.

• Paz, Reuven [2002]
  Global Jihad and the European Arena
  Presentation in the International conference on Intelligence and Terrorism. Priverno, Italy. 15-18 May 2002. Reuven is directeur van het Global Research in International Affairs (GLORIA) Center.

• Paz, Reuven [2005]
  'Zarqawi's Strategy in Iraq' - Is there a "New Al-Qaeda?"

• PCCIP (President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection) [1997]
  Critical Foundations: Protecting America's Infrastructures [pdf]

• Pike, John [2004]
  Al Qaeda Organization in the Arabian Peninsula

• Provos, Niels / Honeyman, Peter [2001]
  Detecting Steganographic Content on the Web.

• Revelli, Carlo [2004]
  Saving the Internet fro cyber terrorism

• Rodriquez, Felipe [2001a]
  Islamic Jihad, what comes next?

• Rodriquez, Felipe [2001b]
  Terrorism with weapons of mass destruction

• Rothenberg, Richard [2001]
  From Whole Cloth: Making up the terrorist network
  In: Connections, Winter 2001 Volume 23, issue 3.
  Terrorist networks are characterized by a high degree of connectivity and considerable redundancy. The dynamic units are probably small, with high personnel turnover and considerable structural equivalence. The network is not ‘managed’ in the strict hierarchical sense, but a central leadership appears to plan major moves, to provide training, finance and logistical support, but to permit considerable autonomy at the local level. Such structure contrasts markedly with typical governmental hierachies. Success against terrorism may be contingent, in part, on governments’ ability to set aside formal structure and match the fluidity and nimbleness of terrorist networks.

• Roy, Oliver [2004a]
  Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah
  London: Hurst.

• Roy, Oliver [2004b]
  A;-Qaida, label ou organisation?
  In: Le Monde diplomatique, septembre 2004.

• SANS Institute [2001]
  The Twenty Most Critical Internet Security Vulnerabilities
  A good review of the 20 biggest vulnerabilities of the internet, presented by the SANS Institute (System Administration, Networking, and Security).

• Savino, Adam
  Cyber-Terrorism

• Scheferman, Scott [Maart 2001]
  Trojan Warfare Exposed
  Published by SANS [System Administration, Networking, and Security].

• Schwartau, Winn [2000]
  Cybershock: Surviving Hackers, Phreakers, Identity Thiees, Internet Terrorists and Weapons of Mass Disruption

• Security Online

• Site-Institute
  Terrorist Publications

• Smith, Davidson, G. [1998]
  Single Issue Terrorism
  Een publicatie van de Canadian Security Intelligence Service.

• Spencer, Robert [2005]
  The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (and the Crusaders)
  De auteur is directeur van Jihad Watch.

• Stidham, Jonathan [2001]
  Can Hackers Turn Your Lights Off? The Vulnerability of the US Power Grid to Electronic Attack

• Staten, Clark [1998]
  Foreign Terrorism in the United States: Five Years After the World Trade Center
  Testimony behore Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information (Senate Judiciary Committee) february 1998. Staten is executive director and senor analyst of the Emergency Response & Research Institute, Chicago, IL.

• Staten, Clark [1999]
  Asymmetric Warfare, the Evolution and Devolution of Terrorism
  In: Counterterrorism & Security International.

• Talbot, David [2005]
  Terrors Server
  In: TechnologyReview.com, February 2005.

• Tan, Kheng Lee Gregory [2003]
  Confronting Cyberterrorism with cyber deception
  Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California (USA).

• Terrorism and Political Violence
  A journal edited by David C. Papoport and Paul Wilkinson.

• terrorisme.pagina.nl
  Useful links to resources on terrrosm.

• Terrorist Group Profiles
  Dudley Knox Library, Naval Postgraduate School.

• Terrorism Research Center, The (TRC)
  An independent institute that studies terrorism, information war, protection of critical infrastructures and other themes that are related tot political violence of low intensity and the phenomena of the 'gray zone'.

• Thomas, Timothy L. [2003]
  Al Qaeda and the Internet: The Danger of "Cyberplanning"
  In: Parameters, Spring 2003, pp. 112-23.

• Time Magazine Newsfiles on Terrorism

• United Nations
  Resolution 53/70
  Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security
  U.N. GAOR, 53rd Sess., U.N. Doc. A/RES/53/70.

• United States Institute of Peace [2003]
  Global Terrorism after the Iraq War
  Special Report 111.

• United States Institute of Peace [2004]
  Terrorism in the Horn of Africa
  Special Report 113.

• Vegh, Sandor [2002]
  Hacktivists or Cyberterrorists? The Changing Media Discourse on Hacking

• Weimann, Gabriel [2004]
  www.terror.net: How Modern Terrorism Uses the Internet
  Weimann is professor in commumnication at the University of Haifa (Israel).

• Whine, Michael [1998]
  Islamist Organisations on the Internet

• Wilkinson, Paul
  Terrorism: Implications for World Peace

• Wright, Lawrence [2002]
  The Man Behind Bin Laden
  In: The New Yorker, September 16, 2002.

• Wright, Lawrence [2004]
  The Terror Web - [2]
  In: The New Yorker, August 2, 2004.
  Een verontrustende beschrijving van hoe Al Qa'ida en daarmee verbonden terroristische groepen het internet gebruiken om hun zaak te stutten.

• WWW Sites related to Terrorism

• Yahoo! News on Terrorism

Editor	dr. Albert Benschop Social & Behavioral Studies University of Amsterdam
Created	September, 1996
Last modified	15th March, 2006